摘要
针对我国烟草连种和大量施用化肥引起的土壤板结、酸化、供肥能力下降等系列问题,从贵州省某煤矸石露天存贮地附近植物根际土壤中,筛选培育出一株解磷效果优异的解磷细菌,编号为GZ-11。经生理生化试验和分子生物学鉴定,该菌株为东洋芽孢杆菌(Bacillus toyonensis)。利用GZ-11处理煤矸石制备煤矸石微生物肥料,在煤矸石微生物肥料的基础上掺入不同比例的氮、磷、钾制备1号煤矸石烟草复合肥料(A)和2号煤矸石烟草复合肥料(B)。以烟草专用肥(CK)为对比,进行烟草大田种植试验,探究两种煤矸石烟草复合肥料对烟草生长及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)经GZ-11处理后的煤矸石的有效磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量分别为132.40、720.63、815.60 mg/kg,分别是原煤矸石的14.38、5.99、6.01倍。(2)在封顶期3种处理下烟草的茎围和最大叶面积均无显著差异;在烟草株高表现上,A处理显著高于CK处理。(3)与CK相比,A、B两种处理下的烟叶化学成分(烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾、氯含量)更接近优质烟。以上结果表明,两种煤矸石烟草复合肥料在促进烟草农艺性状上与烟草专用肥差别不大,在提高烟草品质上优于烟草专用肥料,可促进烟草业的绿色发展。
Aiming at a series of problems such as soil hardening,acidification and fertilizer supply capacity decline caused by continuous tobacco planting and excessive application of chemical fertilizer in China,a phosphorus solubilizing bacteria with excellent phosphorus solubilizing effect was screened and bred from the rhizosphere soil near a coal gangue open storage site in Guizhou province,and its number was GZ-11.The strain was identified as Bacillus toyonensis by physiological and biochemical tests and molecular biology.GZ-11 was used to dissociate coal gangue to prepare coal gangue microbial fertilizer.On the basis of coal gangue microbial fertilizer,different proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were mixed to prepare the first kind of coal gangue tobacco compound fertilizer(A)and the second kind of coal gangue tobacco compound fertilizer(B).The effects of two kinds of coal gangue tobacco compound fertilizers on tobacco growth and quality were studied by field experiments with tobacco specific fertilizers(CK)as contrast.The results showed that:(1)The content of available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in coal gangue after GZ-11 dissociation were 132.40,720.63 and 815.60 mg/kg,respectively,which were 14.38,5.99 and 6.01 times of the original gangue.(2)There was no significant difference in stem circumference and maximum leaf area among the three treatments at the capping stage;in the performance of tobacco plant height,A treatment was significantly higher than CK treatment.(3)Compared with CK,the chemical components(nicotine,total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,potassium,chlorine content)of tobacco leaves under A and B treatments were closer to those of high-quality tobacco.The above results showed that the two kinds of coal gangue tobacco compound fertilizers had little difference in promoting tobacco agronomic properties compared with tobacco specific fertilizers,and were superior to tobacco specific fertilizers in improving tobacco quality,which could promote the green development of tobacco agriculture.
作者
盛定红
李小军
张景宁
董丽敏
杜鑫
谢承卫
SHENG Ding-hong;LI Xiao-jun;ZHANG Jing-ning;DONG Li-min;DU Xin;XIE Cheng-wei(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期241-247,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
贵州省科学技术基金项目(No.20171028)
贵州省科技厅2016年科技支撑计划项目[黔科合(2016)2808号]
中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(No.201708)。
关键词
煤矸石
解磷菌
烟草复合肥料
烟草
大田试验
coal gangue
phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
tobacco compound fertilizer
tobacco
field test
