摘要
低覆盖度治沙理论的核心是乔灌木覆盖度控制在15%~25%,内涵是疏林、疏灌的格局演变,外延是格局演变的风沙物理、近地层水文、小气候、界面生态以及人工治理与自然植被修复的耦合作用等多项机理。在分析了风沙物理与水文机理的基础上,进一步明确了植被修复机理:(1)低覆盖度治沙优化组合了边行优势和界面生态机理,优化的带间距使得自然修复的物种数量增加2~5倍;(2)人工治理与自然修复能够形成耦合作用,优化的带间距使得土壤、植被与微生物的修复速度加快19%~27%;(3)初步提出低覆盖度固沙林不同建植林种的优化带间距分别为:针叶乔木15~40 m、阔叶乔木15~36 m、灌木12~28 m、半灌木5~12 m;(4)降水渗漏补给地下水既能支持地下水位的稳定、又能维持正向的耦合作用,支撑人工固沙林及带间土壤、植被、微生物的稳定性与可持续性。综述低覆盖度治沙理论耦合的植被修复机理及其相关参数,对降低防沙治沙工程成本、提升固沙植被稳定性具有重要的理论指导意义和实践应用价值。
The purpose of low vegetation coverage for desertification control is to control the vegetation cover-age of trees and shrubs in a specific area to a lower level at about 15%-25%,which can also fix the sand and keep vegetation alive.Through the coupling study of wind and sand physics,near-surface hydrology,microcli-mate,interface ecology and artificial vegetation planting pattern with native vegetation,we changed the pattern of sparse forest and irrigation to achieve desertification control,and obtained an optimal pattern of sparse wood-land and sparse shrubs.The low coverage for desertification control mechanism is further clarified:(1)Low cov-erage for desertification control optimizes the combination of edge row dominance and interface ecological mech-anism,and the optimized band spacing increases the number of species naturally restored by 2-5 times.(2)Arti-ficial treatment and natural restoration can form a coupling effect,and the optimized band spacing accelerates the restoration of soil,vegetation and microorganisms by 19%-27%compared to the control plot.(3)The optimized spacing of the low coverage for desertification control forest zones initially explored is 5-12 m for semi-shrubs,12-28 m for shrubs,15-36 m for broad-leaved trees,and 15-40 m for pines.(4)The precipitation recharged groundwater and support the stability of the groundwater level and maintain the positive coupling effect,which supports the stability and sustainability of the artificial sand-fixing forest and the soil,vegetation,and microor-ganisms between the zones.The low coverage for desertification control mechanism and its related parameters re-search has important theoretical and practical guidance value to reduce costs and promote the stability of sand-fix-ing vegetation in the future sand control projects.
作者
刘丹一
冯伟
王涛
杨文斌
朱斌
邹慧
周密
Liu Danyi;Feng Wei;Wang Tao;Yang Wenbin;Zhu Bin;Zou Hui;Zhou Mi(China Sand Control and Sand Industry Society,Beijing 100714,China;Xilingol Vocational College,Xilinhot 026000,Inner Mongolia,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Inner Mongolia Low Coverage Sand Control Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010010,China;Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期170-177,共8页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所课题结余经费新立项(IDS2022JY-08,IDS2022JY-09)
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD003)。
关键词
低覆盖度治沙
界面生态学
边行优势
土壤水分渗漏
植被修复
耦合机理
low vegetation coverage sand control
interface ecology
edge row dominance
soil water leak-age
vegetation restoration
coupling mechanism
