摘要
针对宁夏引黄灌区传统稻田蒸发量大,盐渍化耕地占地面积广、改良问题难,土地生产力下降等问题。采用水稻滴灌旱作方式,以富源4号(96D10)作为研究对象,通过设置不同土壤水分水平(W1:高100%、W2:中80%及W3:低60%田间持水率)及盐分水平(S1:轻1.2 g/kg、S2:中3.1 g/kg及S3:重5.3 g/kg),探究不同水盐胁迫对水稻产量构成及稻谷品质的影响规律。结果表明,水盐胁迫对水稻产量及品质具有较为显著的影响,其中产量构成因素中,千粒重W3S3较W1S1下降15.89%(2021年)和15.58%(2022年),饱籽率W3S3较W1S1显著下降3.45%(2021年)和4.05%(2022年),单位产量W3S3较W1S1显著下降56.48%(2021年)和63.09%(2022年);品质方面整精米率W3S3较W1S1显著下降12.65%(2021)和13.56%(2022),垩白米率W3S3较W1S1显著上升164.71%(2021)和122.73%(2022),直链淀粉含量W3S3较W1S1显著下降5.97%(2021)和8.99%(2022),蛋白质含量W3S3较W1S1显著上升53.51%(2021)和61.82%(2022)。综合考虑,在节水目标下,采用滴灌旱作方式种植水稻,保持80%田间持水率加轻、中度盐碱化(≤4.0 g/kg)的土壤环境,可以保持较为接近充分灌溉条件下的产量构成水平和较好的稻谷品质水平。该结论可为宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地可持续利用及水稻的节水灌溉适应性研究提供理论依据。
In the Ningxia region,the traditional paddy fields in the Yellow River irrigation area have been drying out,and a large proportion of cultivated land has become salinized,leading to decreased land productivity.In this research,we focused on studying the impact of different soil water levels(high 100%,medium 80%and low 60%field water holding capacity)and salt levels(light 1.2 g/kg,medium 3.1 g/kg and heavy 5.3 g/kg)on rice yield composition and rice quality for Fuyuan 4(96D10).The study was conducted using two irrigation method:drip irrigation and dry farming.The results showed that water and salt stress had a significant effect on rice yield and its components,which was expressed as high-water light salt>high-water salt.The 1000-grain weight of W3S3 decreased by 15.89%(2021)and 15.58%(2022)compared with W1S1.The seed-filling rate of W3S3 was significantly lower than that of W1S1 by 3.45%(2021)and 4.05%(2022).The rice yield of W3S3 was significantly lower than that of W1S1 by 56.48%(2021)and 63.09%(2022).The head rice rate of W3S3 was significantly lower than that of W1S1 by 12.65%(2021)and 13.56%(2022).The chalky rice rate of W3S3 was significantly higher than that of W1S1 by 164.71%(2021)and 122.73%(2022).The amylose content of W3S3 was significantly lower than that of W1S1 by 5.97%(2021)and 8.99%(2022).The protein content of W3S3 was significantly higher than that of W1S1 by 53.51%(2021)and 61.82%(2022).To achieve the goal of water saving,using drip irrigation dry farming to plant rice while maintaining a field water holding rate of 80%,and a soil environment with light and moderate salinization(≤4.0 g/kg),can help achieve the yield composition level and improve the quality of rice even with limited irrigation.The conclusion of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land and the adaptability of water-saving irrigation in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.
作者
何进宇
刘飞杨
杨佳鹤
崔烜玮
HE Jin-yu;LIU Fei-yang;YANG Jia-he;CUI Xuan-wei(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Areas,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Water Saving Irrigation and Water Resource Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center,)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2024年第1期33-43,共11页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03091)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NX‐YLXK2021A03)
宁夏大学博士科研启动基金项目(0000-030700002306)
宁夏留学回国人员创新创业项目(0303-030103030017)。
关键词
水盐胁迫
水稻
滴灌旱作
产量构成
稻谷品质
Water and salt stress
rice
drip irrigation dry farming
yield components
rice quality
