摘要
我国前科制度存在规范设定随意、惩罚过于严苛、与犯罪关联性不强、牵连无关人员等问题,而轻罪立法降低犯罪门槛、不区分轻重罪的统一立法模式导致犯罪标签泛化,加强了犯罪标签效应,行为人自我评价与社会评价、法律评价严重失衡。解决“轻罪不轻”的重点在于消除轻罪不合理的法律后果,建立轻罪领域的前科消灭制度。原则上被判处3年以下有期徒刑和免于刑事处罚的行为人员均能适用前科消灭制度。立法同时应明确排除严重暴力性犯罪、危害国家安全罪、恐怖活动犯罪、黑社会性质组织犯罪、累犯、再犯等特殊犯罪适用前科消灭制度,并根据宣告刑长短和主观罪过设置不同的考验期限和审查模式,实现轻罪内部的轻重区别处理。
China′s criminal record system suffers from defects such as arbitrary setting of regulations,overly strict punishment,weak correlation with crimes,and involvement of unrelated individuals.In addition,the u⁃nified legislative model which only reduces the threshold for misdemeanors without distinguishing between mis⁃demeanor and felony leads to the generalization of criminal labels,the strengthening of the criminal label effect,and a serious imbalance between the self⁃evaluation of perpetrators,social evaluation,and legal evaluation.The key to solving the problem of"misdemeanor is not treated lightly"is to eliminate the unreasonable legal consequences of misdemeanors and establish a system for eliminating criminal records in the field of misde⁃meanors.In principle,perpetrators who have been sentenced to fixed⁃term imprisonment of no more than three years and are exempt from criminal punishment can have their criminal record eliminated.At the same time,legislation should clearly exclude the application of special crimes such as serious violent crimes,crimes against national security,terrorist activities,underworld organization crimes,recidivism,and set different test periods and review models based on the length of the sentence declared and subjective guilt,in order to achieve inter⁃nal differentiation between heavier and lighter offenses of misdemeanors.
作者
张勇
丁玉
ZHANG Yong;DING Yu(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042)
出处
《犯罪研究》
2023年第5期27-37,共11页
Chinese Criminology Review
关键词
前科消灭
轻罪立法
犯罪标签
elimination of criminal records
misdemeanor legislation
criminal label
