摘要
威廉·琼斯是英国18世纪东方学领域的杰出代表,但其在英国民族语文学领域的贡献及意义则长久被忽视。琼斯从小接受拉丁古典语言学的训练,但却在非古典语言方面做出卓越贡献,从侧面反映出18世纪英国脱离欧陆学术影响,寻求自我学术定位的倾向。启蒙运动促进了英国民族语文学的发展,产生了一种“公众语文学”,它将世俗与知识连接在一起,在公共社交和出版业的蓬勃发展中,创造了英国的现代性。而民族语文学的蓬勃发展为英国民众开启了一种“语文学式的生活”,促进了启蒙思想在英国的传播。威廉·琼斯生活的时代正值英国启蒙思想成熟的时期,他的语文学中贯穿着启蒙时代的认知与实践。约翰逊博士文学俱乐部是英国启蒙时代语文学实践的一块高地,代表了当时英国思想及知识的前沿。琼斯曾任俱乐部的主席,并在一系列主张方面推动了“公众语文学”在英国的发展。在琼斯的民族语文学中,启蒙思想中的规则更多地表现为对古典的遵循,他创作的史诗“被发现的不列颠”从选材到立意都明显具有古典主义的品味。但同时受英国经验主义的影响,琼斯淡化艺术的教化功能,更加欣赏文学对于人类强烈情感的表达功能,而东方民族的魅力恰使琼斯找到了古典中所缺少的浪漫情感,促成了他在东方民族语文学方面的贡献。可以说,规则的理性(古典)与情感的非理性(浪漫)在琼斯身上达成了一种平衡。
William Jones was an outstanding representative of Oriental Studies in 18th-century Britain,but his contributions and significance in the field of English national philology have long been overlooked.Jones was trained in classical Latin linguistics from childhood,but made outstanding contributions to non-classical languages,which reflects a tendency to seek academic self-orientation in Britain to escape the shadow of continental learning in the 18th century.The Enlightenment Movement promoted the development of English national philology,giving rise to a“public philology”in Britain,which combined the mundane with the intellectual and created British modernity as public socializing and publishing flourished.The prosperity of English philology brought forth a“philological living”for British people and promoted the dissemination of Enlightenment thought.William Jones witnessed the maturing of Enlightenment thought in Britain,and his philological practice was imbued with the cognition and practice in the Age of the Enlightenment.Dr.Johnson’s Literary Club is a pioneer of English literary practice in this period,representing the forefront of British thought and knowledge at that time.A former President of the Club,Jones promoted the development of“public philology”in Britain.In his national philology,the rules of Enlightenment thought were more in line with the classical spirit.The epic“Britain Discovered”has a conspicuous classical taste both in material selection and in meaning.Meanwhile,influenced by British empiricism,Jones downplayed the educational function of art and appreciated an expression of the strong emotions of mankind in literature.Besides,the allure of the East inspired him to find the romantic 4sentiments lacking in the classics,contributing to his achievements in Oriental philology.Arguably,Jones achieved a balance between the rules of reason(the classical)and the irrationality of emotion(the romantic).
作者
李娟
LI Juan(Tianjin University of Science and Technology)
出处
《国际比较文学（中英文）》
2023年第4期108-126,共19页
International Comparative Literature
基金
天津市教委科研计划专项任务项目(外语教育)“新文科背景下‘英语史’课程建设研究”(项目编号:2021ZXWY-YB02)阶段性成果。
关键词
威廉·琼斯
英国民族语文学
公众语文学
启蒙
古典
浪漫
William Jones
national philology
“public philology”
enlightenment
classicism
romanticism
