摘要
汉武帝实施“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”政策的一项重要举措就是改革博士制度,专设五经博士,而罢免其他诸子传记博士。由于三礼中的《周礼》与《礼记》不在五经之列,因而当时只有《仪礼》立于学官,设置博士,而《周礼》与《礼记》均不得立于学官,未曾设置博士。这种状况终两汉之世不曾改变。唯有《周礼》曾在新莽时一度立为博士,但东汉复辟后自然废罢。三国时期,随着政治文化格局的变化和《周礼》《礼记》学术地位的提升,《周礼》与《礼记》两部礼学经典终于取得了与《仪礼》分庭抗礼的地位,也被立于学官,设置了博士。本文对两汉时期《仪礼》学博士的设置情况、新莽时期《周礼》学博士的设置情况和三国时期《周礼》学和《礼记》学博士的设置情况及其他相关问题分别进行了较全面、系统的考察和论述。
One of the important measures taken by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to implement the policy of“deposing hundreds of schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone”was to reform the doctoral system,specifically setting up doctoral scholars in the Five Classics,and dismiss other biographical doctoral scholars.Due to the fact that the Zhou Li and Li Ji in the Three Rites were not included in the Five Classics,only the Yi Li was established as an official with a doctoral degree,while neither the Zhou Li nor the Li Ji was established as an official without a doctoral degree.This situation remained unchanged throughout the Han Dynasty.Only Book of Rites of Zhou was once established as a doctoral scholar during the Xinmang period,but it was naturally abolished after the restoration of the Eastern Han Dynasty.During the Three Kingdoms period,with the changes in political and cultural patterns and the improvement of the academic status of the Zhou Li and Li Ji,the two Confucian classics of etiquette finally achieved a status that stood in opposition to the Yi Li and were also recognized as scholars and granted doctoral degrees.
作者
丁鼎
Ding Ding(Confucius Academy’s Institute for Advanced Studies,Guiyang 550025,China;Qilu Cultural Research Institute,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)
出处
《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第6期24-31,共8页
Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“《中国礼学大百科全书》”(22&ZD226)。
关键词
两汉
三国
新莽
三礼学
博士制度
Han Dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Xinmang
three rites study
doctoral system
