摘要
以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能应用的问世,在极大提高人们工作效率的同时,也引发了诸多风险。基于ChatGPT的运行机制,可以将这些风险归纳为内部风险与外部风险。前者包括数据侵权及算法安全风险,后者则涵盖应用滥用与知识产权风险。为了解决此类风险问题,“重构式规制”主张应运而生,即省思现有法律制度体系与风险之间的适配性,提出将“新风险”等同于“新治理”。然而,这类主张却未能充分论证风险的特殊性与立法的必要性,其误区成因在于将“风险类型”等同于“风险大小”,忽视了技术风险治理应以其应用场景与方式为基础。而技术的应用场景与方式随着其发展阶段而变化,同时结合对数字技术治理范式的分析,可知“阶段性治理”是较为契合的治理路径,即以技术发展的阶段性特征为治理原则。因此,可以将其适用于ChatGPT类应用风险的治理,以坚持包容审慎原则、加强“阶段性”合规审查、充分利用软法治理手段、建立“监管沙盒”为治理框架内容,进而预防并控制相关风险,促进我国数字经济安全稳定协调发展。
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT not only improves people‘s work efficiency,but also brings many risks.Based on the operational mechanism of ChatGPT,these risks can be categorized as internal and external risks.The former includes data infringement and algorithm security risks,while the latter covers application abuse and intellectual property risks.In order to address such risks,the concept of“restructured regulation”has emerged,which contemplates the compatibility between the existing legal system and risks and proposes to equate“new risks”with“new governance”.However,such claims fail to fully demonstrate the particularity of risks and the necessity of legislation.The root cause of the misunderstanding lies in equating“risk type”with“risk size”and neglecting that technical risk governance should be based on its application scenarios and methods.The application scenarios and methods of technology change with its development stage,and combined with the analysis of the digital technology governance paradigm,it can be seen that“phased governance”is a relatively suitable governance path,which takes the phased characteristics of technology development as the governance principle.Therefore,it can be applied to the governance of ChatGPT application risks to adhere to the principle of inclusiveness and prudence,strengthen“phased”compliance review,make full use of soft law governance means,and establish“regulatory sandbox”as the content of the governance framework,so as to prevent and control related risks and promote the stable and coordinated development of China’s digital Economic security security.
作者
许中缘
郑煌杰
Xu Zhongyuan;Zheng HuangJie
出处
《河南社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第10期50-62,共13页
Henan Social Sciences
