摘要
数字技术的出现改变了企业的竞争基础,“强弱易势”成为行业发展常态。制造业是立国之本、强国之基,是国家经济命脉所系,建设制造强国是我国实现第二个百年奋斗目标的重要保障,在新一轮科技和产业革命背景下我国如何紧抓数字化发展机遇,依托数字技术驱动制造业技术赶超具有重大的现实和战略意义。研究以机会窗口和动态能力为理论视角,基于2011—2020年中国先进制造企业微观层面数据,以技术、需求、政策三大机会窗口为桥梁,通过建立固定效应模型、中介效应模型与有调节的中介效应模型检验了动态能力条件下数字化对技术赶超的影响和内在机制。研究发现:数字化缩小了追赶企业与前沿企业间的技术差距,促进了技术赶超,该结论在经过更换变量、改变固定效应等稳健性检验和考虑内生性后依然成立。异质性检验显示,数字化对技术赶超的推动效果在国有企业、技术相对密集型或技术与资本均相对稀疏企业、外围城市和中部地区企业更加明显。机制检验表明,数字化能够通过增加技术、需求与政策机会窗口促进企业技术赶超;进一步分维度机制检验显示,突破性技术创新与研发性政策支持相比渐进性技术创新与生产性政策支持,在数字化与技术赶超间构建了更为有效的追赶路径;此外,动态能力正向调节了技术与需求机会窗口在数字化与技术赶超间的中介作用。
Currently,with the development of big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence and other digital technologies,the digital economy is becoming the "breaking point" leading to the vigorous emergence of a new global economy.With the change of competitive base,digitalization is gradually becoming the core driving force to lead the world economy into a new round of growth,bringing a new opportunity for the global latecomer economies to catch up with technology.As a latecomer economy,China will have a greater potential comparative advantage and more windows of opportunity by choosing advanced manufacturing industries that are in the rapid growth period and are knowledge-and technology-intensive as the focus of technological catch-up with developed countries.Although it is generally believed that due to the existence of latecomer advantage and incumbent innovation dilemma,it is possible for latecomers to achieve technological catch-up with leading firms.And dynamic capability is an important ability for firms to cope with the challenges brought by the dynamically changing external environment,which supports them to escape from imitation and learning of competitors during the technological paradigm shift in order to maintain sustainable competitive advantage.However,existing studies are full of examples of effectively seized opportunity windows,which may give rise to an implicit belief that any opportunity window will be perceived and acted upon,ignoring the specific differences in the nature of different opportunity windows and the evolution of dynamic capabilities during the catch-up process,and relevant studies that can explain the unique dilemmas and problems of latecomers in the catch-up phase are still lacking.Based on the above considerations,the article attempts to incorporate digitization,opportunity windows,dynamic capabilities and technological catch-up into the same analytical framework.The study logically and consistently explains the technological catch-up process of latecomers from the perspective of dynamic capabilities,focusing on the emergent effect of digitalization triggering changes in opportunity windows.The study proposes that technology opportunity windows,demand opportunity windows,and policy opportunity windows play a significant mediating role in the relationship between digitalization and technology catch-up.In addition,dynamic capabilities play a positive moderating role on the mediating effect of opportunity windows.To test these hypotheses,the study designs a multidimensional technology catch-up path including technology,demand and policy based on the opportunity window theory,and integrates the influence of dynamic capabilities in the process of opportunity window and catch-up performance to construct a model of the complete technology catch-up process of latecomer enterprises under the digitalization scenario.By measuring the technology gap between the digitalization level of enterprises and the technology frontier of their industries,the impact of digitalization on technology catch-up and the intrinsic mechanism of action are examined by establishing a fixed-effects model,a mediating-effects model and a moderated mediating-effects model using panel data of 16 listed companies in advanced manufacturing industries in China from 2011 to 2020,using the three major opportunity windows of technology,policy and market as a bridge.It is found that the increase in digitization level can significantly narrow the technology gap between catching-up firms and technology frontier firms and promote technological catch-up of latecomer firms,and the above findings still hold after some robustness tests such as replacing variables,extending the time window,adding fixed effects and introducing instrumental variables.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digitalization on technology catch-up of advanced manufacturing firms differs significantly at the ownership,industry characteristics,and regional levels.In terms of ownership heterogeneity,digitalization significantly reduces the technology gap between state-owned advanced manufacturing enterprises and frontier enterprises;in terms of industry heterogeneity,digitalization is more likely to promote technology catch-up for advanced manufacturing enterprises with relatively intensive technology or relatively sparse technology and capital;in terms of regional heterogeneity,advanced manufacturing enterprises in peripheral cities and central regions with certain digitalization foundation and latecomer advantages are more able to in terms of regional heterogeneity.On the basis of verifying the positive impact of digitalization on technological catch-up,this study analyzes the mechanism of technological catch-up of advanced manufacturing enterprises and finds that digitalization can promote technological catch-up of advanced manufacturing enterprises through technology,demand and policy opportunity windows,and further subdivides the opportunity windows to find that breakthrough technology innovation and RD policy support windows provide more effective catch-up paths for enterprises.At the same time,the improvement of dynamic capabilities of enterprises helps enterprises to seize technology and demand.
作者
马亮
高峻
仲伟俊
MA Liang;GAO Jun;ZHONG Weijun(School of Economics and Management,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Economics and Management,Southeast University,Nanjing 210000,China)
出处
《科学学与科学技术管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期131-151,共21页
Science of Science and Management of S.& T.
基金
国家自然科学基金(71764015)
甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目(20YB051)
甘肃省软科学专项项目(20CX9ZA045)。
关键词
数字化
技术赶超
先进制造业
机会窗口
动态能力
digitalization
technological catch-up
advanced manufacturing
window of opportunity
dynamic capability
