摘要
为探究施肥对落叶松种子园母树物候期的影响,选取落叶松1.5代和2代种子园母树作为研究对象,采用不同比例和剂量的N肥、P肥和K肥作为试验处理,观测并分析母树芽膨大、芽展叶、芽封顶、雄花花蕾出现及雄花开花等物候相。结果表明,施肥对芽膨大影响较小,各处理间主枝芽膨大主要集中在4月18日—4月20日;施肥对芽展叶有一定的影响,其中,主枝芽开始展叶主要集中在4月26日—4月30日,主枝芽完全展叶主要集中在5月20日—5月24日;施肥处理对芽开始封顶有一定影响,主枝芽开始封顶主要于8月17日—27日;主枝芽完全封顶主要集中在8月26日—9月9日;施肥对生长期同样有一定的影响,不同施肥处理间生长期从131 d到143 d不等。雄花开花始期主要集中在4月13日—4月18日,不同处理间开花始期相差5 d;雄花开花盛期主要集中在4月16日—4月22日,不同处理间开花盛期相差6 d;雄花开花末期主要集中在4月19日—4月26日,不同处理间开花末期相差7 d。施肥对花期有一定的影响,不同处理间花期从6 d到8 d不等。极差分析表明,无论是生长类物候,还是开花类物候,不同种类肥料对其影响的由大到小顺序为N肥、P肥、K肥,施用中量N肥和P肥,高量K肥有利于落叶松种子园母树生长及开花。研究结果为落叶松种子园合理施肥,促进落叶松母树种子产量和质量的提高提供了理论支撑和技术借鉴。
In order to explore the effects of fertilization on the phenological period of the mother tree of Larch seed garden,this study selected the mother tree of Larch seed garden of 1.5 generation and 2 generation as the research object.Different proportions and doses of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were used as experimental treatments to observe and analyze the phenological phases of the mother tree,such as bud expansion,bud spreading,bud capping,male flower bud emergence and male flower flowering.The results showed that fertilization had little effect on bud growth,and the bud growth of main branches was mainly concentrated between April 18 and April 20.Fertilization had a certain effect on bud development,among which,the beginning of main bud development was mainly concentrated from April 26 to April 30,and the complete leaf development of main bud was mainly concentrated from May 20 to May 24.Fertilization treatment had a certain effect on bud capping.The beginning of bud capping of main branch mainly began from August 17 to 27.The complete capping of main shoots mainly occurred from August 26 to September 9.Fertilization also had a certain impact on the growth period.The growth period of different fertilization treatments varied from 131d to 143 d.The onset of flowering of male flowers was mainly concentrated from April 13 to April 18,with a difference of 5d between treatments.The peak flowering period of male flowers was mainly concentrated from April 16 to April 22,with a difference of 6d among different treatments.The final flowering period of male flowers was mainly concentrated from April 19 to April 26,with a difference of 7 d among different treatments.Fertilization had a certain effect on the flowering period,which varied from 6d to 8d among different treatments.Range analysis showed that no matter the growth phenology or flowering phenology,the effects of different kinds of fertilizers were N fertilizer,P fertilizer and K fertilizer in the order from large to small.The application of medium amount of N fertilizer and P fertilizer,and high amount of K fertilizer was beneficial to the growth and flowering of the mother tree of larch seed orchard.The results provided theoretical support and technical reference for the rational fertilization of larch seed orchard and the improvement of seed yield and quality of larch mother tree.
作者
冯健
战金伟
杨圆圆
李光
陈若楠
曹颖
赫亮
FENG Jian;ZHAN Jinwei;YANG Yuanyuan;LI Guang;CHEN Ruonan;CHAO Ying;HE Liang(Liaoning Academy of Forestry Science,Shenyang 110032,China;Da Gu Jia Forest Farm,State-owned Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County,Fushun 113300,China;Qing Liang Shan Forest Farm,State-owned Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County,Anshan 114312,China;Cheng Jiao Forest Farm,State-owned Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County,Fushun 113300,China;Liaoning Forestry Development Service Center,Shenyang 110036,China;Liaoning Baishilazi Forest Ecosystem National Research Station,Dandong 118201,China)
出处
《森林工程》
北大核心
2023年第6期55-63,共9页
Forest Engineering
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD220030204)
辽宁省农业科学院学科建设(2022DD217036)资助。
关键词
落叶松
种子园
施肥
生长期
花期
Larch
seed orchard
fertilization
growing period
florescence
