摘要
掘藏师(gter ston)及其所掘伏藏文献(gter ma’yig tsang)的出现,是藏传佛教的一种特有文化现象,从广义上来讲,也是佛教中国化的特殊表现。其中有关描述“贝域”(sbas yul)的圣地志文献显得尤为重要,以“贝域”命名的如贝域哲孟雄(锡金)等圣地,将此类不计其数的自然景观纳入“贝域”的范畴之内。所谓“贝域”,是宗教神圣空间与自然景观风貌的结合体,其与“秘境”“世外桃源”意义相近。从喜马拉雅山脉延伸至云南、青海南部、四川一带名为“贝域”之地之说,它们自西到东构建了宗教氛围浓厚的特殊文化带。本文以桑杰林巴(sangs rgyas gling pa)(1340-1396)所掘《贝域哲孟雄圣地志》为例,从文献学的研究方法对其进行解读,从哲孟雄所在的地理位置、保护哲孟雄的山神体系、“内、外、密”之入境征兆、“四方”不同的入门方法与时间、各种禳解仪轨、与兴建家园及寺庙相关的选址、择日、仪式等层面详细介绍了圣地志的内容。从以上内容展开研究,进一步挖掘其文献价值,考察其对藏族圣地志书写风格的发展、藏族人文地理观的内涵、藏地传统生态环境保护意识等方面具有重要研究意义。与此同时,此项研究成果既能深入探究生态性经济发展策略,又能对地方经济、政治、文化、教育等协调发展有着新的启发。
The emergence of the gter ston and the documents(gter ma yig tshang)is a special cultural phenomenon of Tibetan Buddhism.In a broad sense,it is a unique cultural phenomenon of the localization of Buddhism in China.Among them,the local chronic documentations describing“sbas yul”are particularly important.Holy sites named after“sbas yul”,such as Sikkim,include countless natural landscapes in the category of“sbas yul”.The so-called“sbas yul”is a combination of religious sacred space and natural landscapes,which is similar to the concept of“Mysterious Realm“or“Xanadu”.From the Himalayas to Yunnan,southern Qinghai,and Sichuan,there are many places named after“sbas yul”,which form a cultural belt.Taking The Majestic Records of Sbas yul Landscape excavated by Tibetan gter ston master sangs rgyas gling pa(1340-1396)as a case in this paper,the author interprets the records with the research method of philology.Based on the above content,the paper investigates its research significance in the development of Tibetan majestic records writing style,the connotation of human and geography concept in Tibetan culture,and the awareness of Tibetan traditional ecological environment protection.In the meantime,the corresponding research results also have an enlightening and important impact on the coordinated development of local economy,politics,culture,and education.
作者
完玛南加
Pema Namgyal(ZheJiang University)
出处
《青海师范大学学报（藏文版）》
2023年第2期49-60,共12页
Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)
关键词
哲孟雄
桑杰林巴
贝域
圣地志
“sbas yul”or hidden land
‘bras mo gshongs
sangs rgyas gling pa
pilgrimage guide book
