摘要
为充分了解北京地区荷斯坦牛的体型外貌特征,试验收集了该地区5个规模化牛场1391头奶牛的个体性状记录,采用9分制评定法评估这些牛只的23个体型线性性状,获得结构容量、尻部、肢蹄、乳房和乳用特征5大性状的加权体型总分,并统计了5个牛场荷斯坦牛的体型总分等级分布及体型性状的表型参数。结果表明,北京地区荷斯坦牛整体发育稳定,体型总分主要集中于“GP”和“G”2个等级。各体型性状中,肢蹄性状在5个牛场之间的稳定性最差,有待改良。该地区总体上,结构容量和乳用特征的平均值较高且与理论最优分差值较小,说明奶牛体躯较大,泌乳能力较好。而悬韧带、尻宽、蹄踵深度、腰强度、前乳房附着、乳房质地等性状与理论最优分相差较大,反映出仍需有针对性地改善荷斯坦牛的体型性状,提高该地区奶牛养殖水平。
In order to fully understand the physical characteristics of Holstein cattle in Beijing area,individual trait records of 1391 cows from five large-scale farms were collected.The 9 point scale was used to evaluate 23 linear type traits of these cattle,and weighted body condition scores of 5 major traits were obtained,including body conformation,rump,limb and hoof,udder and dairy character.Then the grade distribution of total body condition scores and phenotypic parameters of type traits were analyzed for Holstein cattle from five farms.Results showed that the Holstein cattle developed stably in Beijing,and the total body condition scores were mainly enriched in the two grades"GP"and"G".The stability of limb and hoof traits was the worst among the 5 farms and needed to be improved.In general,the average value of body conformation and dairy character is higher and the difference from the theoretical optimal score is smaller,which indicates that the cattle have larger body size and better lactation ability in this area.However,median suspensory,rump width,foot heel depth,loin strength,fore udder attechment and udder texture were significantly different from the theoretical optimal scores,indicating that it is still necessary to pointedly improve the type traits of Holstein cattle and improve the level of dairy cattle breeding in Beijing area.
作者
宁江华
田继英
NING Jiang-hua;TIAN Ji-ying(Shanxi Province Jinzhong Normal Junior College,Jinzhong 030600)
出处
《中国奶牛》
2023年第10期20-24,共5页
China Dairy Cattle
关键词
北京地区
荷斯坦牛
体型性状
表型参数
体型总分
Beijing area
Holstein cattle
Type traits
Phenotypic parameters
Total body condition scores
