摘要
在当前高度不确定的经济环境下,企业要通过数字化转型来优化供应链配置,这不仅关乎自身生存发展,也是维护中国产业链供应链韧性和安全的微观基础。本文利用2010—2021年A股上市公司数据,从供应链治理角度系统验证了企业数字化转型对供应链配置的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,企业数字化转型显著降低了供应链上游供应商、下游客户以及供应链整体集中度,推动供应链配置多元化;该推动作用主要通过降低上下游交易过程中的供求协调成本和运输库存成本来实现。进一步研究发现,不同的机会主义风险情境中,企业数字化转型对供应链配置多元化的推动作用存在明显差异,在低市场化地区、高竞争行业和低优势地位企业中该推动作用更加显著;面对中美经贸摩擦导致的高系统性风险,企业更多利用数字化转型推动供应链配置多元化。本文揭示了中国企业数字化转型主要通过推动多元化而不是集中化方式来优化供应链配置的规律,这构成中国增强产业链供应链韧性和安全的微观理论基础,为加快构建数字化供应链与提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平提供政策启示。
In the highly uncertain economic environment,ensuring the resilience and security of China's industrial and supply chains is an inevitable requirement for promoting high-quality economic development and smoothing the domestic and international dual circulation.Meanwhile,the rapid development of new-generation digital technology has gradually penetrated into Chinese firms,transforming their operational processes and business models in all aspects.The digital transformation is not limited to firms,but may also change the relation between firms and their upstream and downstream links in the supply chain.Optimizing supply chain configuration through digital transformation,firms can lay a solid micro foundation for safeguarding the resilience and security of China's industrial and supplychains.This paper builds a theoretical analytical framework from the perspective of transaction costs in supply chain configuration,and then uses data from A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021 for empirical analysis to systematically verify the influence of firm digital transformation on supply chain configuration and its mechanisms from the perspective of supply chain governance.The benchmark estimation results show that firm digital transformation significantly reduces the concentration of upstream suppliers,downstream customers,and overall supply chain,demonstrating that firm digital transformation can promote diversification in supply chain configuration.This paper adopts four methods,including replacing measurement of key variables,controlling reverse causality,eliminating sample selection biases,and controlling for the impact of omitted variables,to fully address the endogeneity bias caused by various factors.Robustness tests include excluding the impact of supply chain policy,performing placebo testing,and considering differences in the transformation approach.These tests all confirm that the aforementioned promotion effect is robust.Mechanism tests find that firm digital transformation promotes the diversification of supply chain configuration mainly by reducing supply-demand coordination cost and transportation inventory cost in upstream and downstream transactions of the supply chain.However,in non-manufacturing industries,the mechanism of transportation inventory cost is not evident.Further research shows that when a firm is in the low-marketization area or in the more competitive industry,this promotion effect is even more pronounced.It is also more pronounced when a firm has lower resource or market advantage position.When systemic risks caused by Sino-US economic trade frictions are higher,firms tend to rely on digital transformation to diversify its supply chain configuration.This paper reveals the law that Chinese firms'digital transformation mainly optimizes supply chain configuration through promoting diversification rather than centralization.This paper provides four policy recommendations to accelerate the construction of a digital supply chain and enhance the resilience and security of the industrial and supply chains.Firstly,it is necessary to accelerate firm digital transformation and build an efficient digital supply chain.Secondly,the potential of firm digital transformation to promote diversified cooperation with suppliers should be unleashed to strengthen the resilience and security of suppliers.Thirdly,it is important to improve new infrastructure and enhance the intelligent level of traditional infrastructure.Fourthly,it is necessary to implement targeted policies for firms to promote their digital transformation and improve the pertinence and inclusiveness of policies.
作者
巫强
姚雨秀
WU Qiang;YAO Yu-xiu(Yangtze River Delta Economics and Social Development Research Center,Nanjing University;Jiangsu Research Institute of Digital Economy,Nanjing University;Economics School,Nanjing University)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期99-117,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字经济发展与长三角区域高质量一体化发展研究”(批准号22JJD790037)
江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“习近平总书记关于对外开放的重要论述与江苏开放型经济研究”(批准号22EYB014)。
关键词
企业数字化转型
供应链配置
交易成本
外部风险
firm digital transformation
supply chain configuration
transaction cost
external risk
