摘要
当前橡胶树育苗主要以表土为育苗基质,但存在环保性差、苗木重量大的问题。为研发橡胶树优良的育苗基质,以王草纤维作为橡胶树育苗基质,研究其育苗效果。王草植株经粉碎和发酵后,设置2个基质处理(纯王草基质,王草-土壤等体积混合基质),以椰糠、土壤为对照,比较了基质的含水量、速效养分、有机质、总养分和微生物数量,并测量了橡胶树苗木的生长和生理指标,以比较育苗效果。结果表明:纯王草基质的速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷和有机质都显著高于对照椰糠和土壤;纯王草基质和王草-土壤混合基质的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量显著高于对照椰糠,但显著低于对照土壤;王草-土壤混合基质培育的苗木在株高、茎干直径、接穗生物量和新长根系生物量上表现最优异;纯王草基质和王草-土壤混合基质培育的植株在叶片N、P、K、Ca和Mg营养元素含量上优于对照土壤和椰糠。综合来说,纯王草纤维基质的保水性较好,养分含量较高,王草-土壤混合的基质培育的苗木生长速度最快、苗木生理指标最好,纯王草纤维基质培育的苗木生长参数与生理指标高于对照椰糠和土壤培育的苗木。因此,王草纤维可作为优良的橡胶树育苗基质原材料。
Currently,topsoil is mainly used as a seedling substrate for rubber tree nurseries,but it has the problems of poor environmental protection and the high weight of seedlings.King grass fiber is the seedling substrate for rubber trees,and its seedling nursery effect was studied to develop an excellent seedling substrate for rubber trees.After crushing and fermentation of king grass plants,two substrate treatments(pure king grass substrate,king grass-soil equal volume mixed substrate)were set up.Coconut coir and soil were used as the control to compare the moisture content,fast-acting nutrients,organic matter,total nutrients,and microbial counts of the substrates,and growth and physiological indexes of rubber tree seedlings were measured to compare the seedling nursery effects.The results showed that:the quick-acting nitrogen,quick-acting phosphorus,quick-acting potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter of the pure king grass substrate were significantly higher than those of the control coco coir and soil;the bacterial,actinomycetes,and fungal counts of the pure king grass substrate and king grass-soil mixture were significantly higher than those of the control coco coir but lower significantly than those of the control soil;the seedlings cultivated with the king grass-soil mixture showed the best performances in terms of height,stem diameter,scion biomass and biomass of the new-growth roots;the pure king grass substrate had the best per-formance in terms of growth and physiological indicators.The plants cultivated in pure king grass substrate and king grass-soil mixed substrate were superior to control soil and coir in leaf N,P,K,Ca,and Mg nutrient contents.In summary,the pure king grass fiber substrate had better water retention and higher nutrient content,the king grass-soil mixed substrate cultivated seedlings with the fastest growth rate and the best physiological indexes of the seedlings,and the growth parameters and physio-logical indexes of the seedlings planted in pure king grass fiber substrate were higher than those of the control coco coir and soil cultivated seedlings.Therefore,king grass fiber can be an excellent raw material as a rubber tree seedling substrate.
作者
姚行成
涂寒奇
王新龙
王军
YAO Xingcheng;TU Hanqi;WANG Xinlong;WANG Jun(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical and Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Haikou Tropical Plant Seedling Innovation Key Laboratory,Haikou,571101 Hainan,China)
出处
《热带农业科学》
2023年第8期1-6,共6页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture
基金
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系种苗扩繁与生产技术岗位(No.CARS-33-YZ4)。
关键词
王草
基质
橡胶树
育苗
Pennisetum sinese
substrate
Hevea brasiliensis
seedling raising
