摘要
《阿Q正传》对精神胜利法的否定反映出知识分子对改造国民精神工程的怀疑与动摇,体现出启蒙落潮后的精神危机。鲁迅用小说的方式回应这场精神危机,他让本无闻乡间的阿Q成为一时瞩目的被砍头者,然而对阿Q“假革命”的揭示也预示了知识分子继续寻求“真出路”的努力。对出路的重新探索彰显了知识分子从改造国民的精神到精神的自我改造的心向转变,也体现出中国思想界从启蒙主义的自我认识过渡到富有革命精神的社会干预阶段转向。主题的变化导致文本结构和叙事策略的改变,鲁迅用精神胜利法的概括性弥合启蒙与被启蒙的界限,故而削弱了“看与被看”的平衡结构;为凸显对寻求出路的渴望,营造出“打破团圆”的召唤结构。《阿Q正传》发表百年之际,回顾知识分子从“改造国民精神”到“精神自我改造”的变化轨迹,不仅有助于理解当时知识分子的心态和思想界的变动,也有助于今天人文精神的复归。
The rejection of the spiritual Victory Law in The True Story of Ah Q reflects the intellectuals'doubts and wavering on the national spiritual transformation project,and stands for the spiritual crisis after the ebb of enlightenment.Lu Xun used novel to respond to this spiritual crisis,letting the unknown Ah Q a famous be slaughtered man for the rustics,the transition which leading his life to another development way.The change of themes led to the change of text structure and narrative strategy.Lu Xun used the generality of spiritual victory method to bridge the boundary between enlightenment and enlightenment,thus weakened the"eye to eye"structure of seeing and being seen,and created an incomplete"calling"structure.At the centenary of the publication of The True Story of Ah Q,reviewing the changing trajectory of intellectuals from"transforming the national spirit"to"self-spiritual transformation",that helps to understand the changes in the mentality and ideological circle of intellectuals at that time,as well as the recovery of today's humanistic spirit.
作者
石小寒
方晓雨
SHI Xiao-han;FANG Xiao-yu(School of Liberal Arts,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,China)
出处
《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第5期115-121,共7页
Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition
关键词
鲁迅
《阿Q正传》
精神胜利法
Lu Xun
The True Story of Ah Q
spiritual victory
