摘要
伴随着“中国式现代化”话题的兴起,现代化研究再度成为中国学术界的显学。“中国式现代化”的意义在比较现代化研究中方能更加彰显,可以从以下几个方面展开研究。一是现代化模式的差异性。英美现代化是商业阶层推动的,法德日的现代化是官僚制起主导作用,而俄国中国等则是政党主导的现代化。二是现代化组织形式的梯次性。现代化运动组织化程度一浪高过一浪,依次是公司制、官僚制和政党制。然而,殖民地遗产是碎片化政治,国家组织不起来,这是很多发展中国家的困境所在。三是性质各异的现代政治理论产生于不同的现代化模式,或者说以政治理论为核心的现代社会科学理论诞生于不同的制度变迁方式。流行的社会中心主义和国家中心主义分别是英美商业阶层主导的现代化模式和官僚制推动的现代化模式的产物,而俄国-中国的政党组织主导的现代化则应该催生政党中心主义的知识体系。但是,社会中心主义知识体系的宰制性地位不容忽视。
With the rise of the topic of the“Chinese path to modernization,”modernization research has once again become a prominent study in Chinese academic circles.The significance of the“Chinese path to modernization”can only be more evident in comparative modernization studies,through which three major findings are obtained.The first finding is related to the difference in modernization modes.The modernization of Britain and the United States is driven by the business class,while that of France,Germany,and Japan is dominated by the bureaucracy,and the modernization of Russia and China is dominated by political parties.The second finding concerns the hierarchy of organizational forms in modernization.It progresses from the corporate system to the bureaucratic system and ultimately to the political party system.However,for many developing countries with a colonial legacy of fragmented politics,the major dilemma on their path to modernization is the inability of the state to organize itself.The third finding indicates that distinct modern political theories emerge from different modernization modes.More broadly,modern social science theories with political theory at their core develop from different approaches to institutional change.The popular socio-centrism and state-centrism are products of the Anglo-American modernization mode dominated by the business class and the modernization mode promoted by the bureaucracy,while the Russia-China modernization led by the party organization is expected to give rise to a knowledge system of party-centrism.However,the current dominant position of the socio-centric knowledge system cannot be ignored.
出处
《党政研究》
北大核心
2023年第5期4-17,123,共15页
Studies on Party and Government
基金
国家社科基金重大专项课题“现代化进程中的民主参与政治制度创新研究”(413119003701)。
关键词
现代化模式
历史政治学
政治学自主知识体系
Modernization Mode
Historical Political Science
Independent Political Knowledge System
