摘要
通过“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”项目,对江西省各农业县(市)水稻地方品种资源进行了调查和收集,2017-2019年共收集到水稻地方品种资源321份,对其形态特征、主要农艺性状和品质特性进行了鉴定。从地域分布来看,江西水稻地方品种资源在11个地级市均有分布,主要集中分布于九江、上饶、宜春、抚州、吉安和赣州等6个面积较大且山区丘陵地较多的地级市,这些地区经济欠发达、交通不便,又是少数民族聚集地,农户喜欢以水稻地方品种的稻米为原材料加工美食。江西省水稻地方品种资源存在籼稻与粳稻两个亚种,以籼稻为主,分为早稻、中稻和晚稻,以中、晚稻为主,粘稻和糯稻分别占38.0%和62.0%,种皮颜色种类丰富,有35份红米和紫黑米种质资源。江西水稻地方品种资源遗传变异丰富,多数表现为颖尖秆黄、无芒或短芒,穗型适宜、剑叶及茎秆角度适中、抗倒伏且落粒性适宜;鉴定出15份抽穗期与株高适宜的大穗、多颖花、高结实率、高千粒重的优良品种资源,还筛选鉴定出优异糯稻和有色稻米资源各12份。这些水稻优异地方品种资源具有较大的挖掘潜力,可为水稻新品种选育提供重要的资源支撑。
By taking the opportunity of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources,rice landraces were investigated and collected from different counties and cities in Jiangxi province,P.R.China.From 2017 to 2019,321 rice landraces were collected to identify the morphological characteristics,main agronomic traits,yield and quality traits in the field.Based on the collection sites,they were collected from 11 cities,with enrichments at six cities including Jiujiang,Shangrao,Yichun,Fuzhou,Jian and Ganzhou.These regions have more mountainous and impoverished with traffic inconvenience,in which farmers have the tradition to proceed food with rice landraces.There are two subspecies of Xian and Geng,mainly Xian,which can be divided into early rice,medium rice and late rice based on the maturity.The sticky rice and glutinous rice account for 38.0%and 62.0%.There have 35 red rice and purple black rice germplasm resources.These results showed that rice landraces germplasm resources with good genetic diversity in Jiangxi province,most of which are yellow,no or short awn,suitable panicle,moderate blade and stem angle,lodging resistance,and suitable seed holding.Fifteen elite germplasm resources with feasible head date,large panicle,high seed setting rate and big thousand grain weight,as well as 12 elite glutinous rice and colored rice were selected.Collectively,this study reported a resource of rice landraces which has great potential in breeding of new rice varieties.
作者
刘进
勒思
周慧颖
胡佳晓
孟冰欣
罗文静
黎毛毛
余丽琴
LIU Jin;LE Si;ZHOU Huiying;HU Jiaxiao;MENG Bingxin;LUO Wenjing;LI Maomao;YU Liqin(Rice Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Rice(Nanchang)/Research Center of Jiangxi Crop Germplasm Resources,Nanchang 330200)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1267-1276,共10页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动
江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX202101,JXXTCXQN202205)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200501-7)。
关键词
江西
水稻
地方品种资源
鉴定评价
筛选
优异种质
Jiangxi
rice
landraces
evaluation and identification
screening
special germplasm
