摘要
针对露天矿区排土场生态修复中存在的植被建植立地类型不清、植被措施与立地条件不适应、植被生长状况差等问题,对矿区排土场进行立地类型划分与评价,是加快矿区排土场植被重建的关键一环。本文以乌海已治理的矿区排土场为研究对象,定性与定量相结合,选取微地形、坡向、覆土厚度、土壤硬度、土壤质地、全磷含量、全钾含量、有机物含量、植被种类和生命形式10个因子,通过对数量化、标准化的立地因子相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及因子分析后,对排土场进行立地类型划分与评价。结果表明:筛选出微地形、坡向、覆土厚度为主导因子,是研究区植被恢复主要影响因子。依据主导因子组合,将乌海矿区排土场划分成4个立地类型组,14个立地类型。通过对14个立地类型进行立地质量评价,得出地形因素和植被因素是影响排土场立地质量的主要因素,同时划分出立地质量等级为优(综合得分>7)、良(综合得分6-7)、中(综合得分5-6)、差(综合得分<5)四个相对等级,其中立地质量等级“中”和“差”的立地类型占总体50%,表明乌海整体矿区排土场立地质量处于中等以下水平。在此基础上,提出适宜的植被配置建议,以期为干旱露天矿区生态修复提供理论支撑。
Many problems exist in the ecological restoration of the waste dumps in open-pit mining areas,such as unclear site types of vegetation construction,unsuitable vegetation measures and site conditions,and poor vege-tation growth.To resolve these problems,the site type classification and evaluation of the waste dump in the mining area is a key link to speed up its vegetation reconstruction.In this study,the waste dump in Wuhai treated mining area was selected as the test site.A combination of microtopography,slope direction,mulch thickness,soil hard-ness,soil texture,total phosphorus content,total potassium content,organic matter content,number of vegetation species,and life forms qualitative and quantitative factors were selected.After logarithmic quantification and standardized site factor correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis,the site types of the waste dump were classified and evaluated.The results showed that the micro topography,slope direction and mulch thickness were the dominant factors,and they were the main factors influencing vegetation restoration in the study area.According to the combinations of these dominant factors,the waste dump in Wuhai Mining Area was divided into four site type groups and 14 site types.The site quality evaluation of the 14 site types indicated that topographic factors and vegetation factors are the main factors influencing the site quality of the waste dump,and the site quality grades were divided into four relative scores of excellent(comprehensive score greater than 7),good(comprehensive score between 6 and 7),medium(comprehensive score between 5 and 6)and poor(comprehensive score less than 5).Among these grades,50%of the site types had site quality scores of"medium"or"poor",so the overall site quality of the waste dump in Wuhai Mining Area was below the medium level.On this basis,appropriate vegetation allocation suggestions are put forward in order to provide theoretical support for the ecological restoration in an arid open-pit mining area.
作者
万亚俊
郭小平
李青峰
薛心悦
WAN Yajun;GUO Xiaoping;LI Qingfeng;XUE Xinyue(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
基金
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504406)
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Project(2020ZD0021-03)。
关键词
植被重建
排土场
立地类型划分
立地质量评价
vegetation reconstruction
waste dump
site type division
site quality evaluation
