摘要
为研究北京大气中醛酮化合物的污染特征,利用2,4-二硝基苯肼采样管采样-高效液相色谱仪分析的方法,于2020年1月—12月以及2020年5月26—29日对北京城区评价点(车公庄)大气中的13种醛酮化合物开展常规和加密监测分析,于2020年9月17—21日对北京城区评价点和北京东南边界点(永乐店)开展同步监测分析,并对醛酮化合物的来源进行了初步分析.结果表明:①2020年北京城区大气中醛酮化合物总浓度为(25.1±8.5)μg/m^(3),其中丙酮、甲醛和乙醛的贡献率分别为43.1%、30.7%和15.6%.臭氧生成潜势呈甲醛>乙醛>丙酮的特征,其中甲醛和乙醛对臭氧生成潜势的贡献率分别为66.5%和23.0%.②醛酮化合物总浓度呈夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的特征,甲醛和乙醛浓度日变化均呈“双峰”特征,均在12:00—15:00达第1个峰值,在17:00—19:00达第2个峰值.③同步监测期间,车公庄和永乐店的醛酮化合物总浓度分别为(24.4±7.8)(24.1±7.5)μg/m^(3),车公庄丙酮、甲醛的贡献率分别较永乐店高1.3%和1.6%,乙醛、正丁醛、甲基丙烯醛的贡献率分别较永乐店低0.7%、2.0%和2.0%.④春季、夏季、秋季、冬季北京城区大气中甲醛和乙醛浓度之比(C1/C2)分别为1.9、2.4、1.7和1.2,乙醛和丙醛浓度之比(C2/C3)分别为10.6、12.4、8.3和8.3;车公庄甲醛浓度与乙醛浓度以及甲醛浓度与2-丁酮浓度均呈显著相关,而丙酮浓度与各化合物浓度的相关性较弱,永乐店乙醛浓度与丙醛浓度、乙醛浓度与甲基丙烯醛浓度以及甲醛浓度与正丁醛浓度均显著相关.研究显示,车公庄醛酮化合物浓度主要受机动车、光化学反应和溶剂使用影响较大,永乐店同时还受工业排放和柴油车尾气影响.
In order to study the pollution characteristics of carbonyls in the atmosphere of Beijing,13 kinds of carbonyls in the ambient air in Beijing were collected using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine sample tubes at an urban site(Chegongzhuang),and were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Routine monitoring was conducted once every 6 days throughout 2020,and hourly monitoring was conducted from May 26^(th) to 28^(th),2020.From September 17^(th) to 21^(st),2020,synchronous monitoring was conducted three times a day at the Chegongzhuang site and the southeast boundary site(Yongledian).The preliminary source analyses of carbonyls were carried out.The results showed that:(1)The concentration of total carbonyls in the urban air in Beijing was(25.1±8.5)μg/m^(3).Acetone,formaldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for 43.1%,30.7%and 15.6%,respectively.The ozone formation potential(OFP)of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for 66.5%and 23.0%,respectively.(2)The total carbonyl concentration showed a trend of summer>spring>autumn>winter in 2020.The concentration of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde showed‘double peak’characteristics,the first peak appeared from 12:00 to 15:00,and the second peak appeared from 17:00 to 19:00.(3)During the synchronous monitoring period in September,the concentrations of carbonyls at the Chegongzhuang site and Yongledian site were(24.4±7.8)and(24.1±7.5)μg/m^(3),respectively.The contribution rates of acetone and formaldehyde in Chegongzhuang were 1.3%and 1.6%higher than those in Yongledian respectively.The contribution rates of acetaldehyde,n-butyraldehyde and methylacrolein were 0.7%,2.0%and 2.0%lower than those of Yongledian respectively.(4)The concentration ratios of formaldehyde to acetaldehyde(C1/C2)in Beijing′s urban air in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 1.9,2.4,1.7 and 1.2 respectively,and the concentration ratios of acetaldehyde to propionaldehyde(C2/C3)were 10.6,12.4,8.3 and 8.3 respectively.The correlation between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde,formaldehyde and 2-butanone in Chegongzhuang was significant,while the correlation between acetone and other compounds was weak.The correlation between acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde,acetaldehyde and methylacrolein,formaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde in Yongledian was significant.The research shows that Chegongzhuang is mainly affected by motor vehicles,photochemical reactions and solvent use,while Yongledian is affected by industrial emissions and diesel exhaust.
作者
丁萌萌
周健楠
常淼
刘保献
杨梦
蔡美全
沈秀娥
DING Mengmeng;ZHOU Jiannan;CHANG Miao;LIU Baoxian;YANG Meng;CAI Meiquan;SHEN Xiue(Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology,Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1095-1106,共12页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
北京市科技支撑环境治理项目(No.Z211100004321006)。
关键词
醛酮化合物
污染特征
臭氧生成潜势
相关性
carbonyls
pollution characterization
ozone formation potential
correlation
