摘要
目的 分析涉疫班级与非涉疫班级家长关于诺如病毒感染性腹泻知信行方面的异同,为做好诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情防控干预提供理论参考。方法 选取2020-09-01-2020-12-01深圳市龙华区发生诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情的中小学及幼儿园班级家长作为研究组(n=740),按1∶4比例选择非涉疫的班级家长作为对照组(n=3 202)。问卷分知、信、行3部分,共18题。每题为4个选项,每个选项满分为4分。分析2组基本情况、得分及满分人数差异。使用logistic回归分析找出影响家长得分≥65分的题目,总结3部分薄弱环节。结果 研究组家长与对照组相比得分比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.078,P=0.938),幼儿园家长得分高于中小学家长,差异有统计学意义,Z=-3.038,P<0.05。得分从低到高分别为知识(3.19±0.97)分,态度(3.78±0.54)分,行为(3.85±0.48)分。研究组≤6岁儿童家长比对照组获得满分的人数少,OR=0.76,95%CI为0.67~0.87。单因素分析显示“诺如病毒感染性腹泻儿童以呕吐为主”等4个知识条目2组间差异大。研究组在“孩子进食水果及奶类等器皿必须清洗消毒干净再盛装”(OR=144.91,95%CI为8.98~2 338.73)、“感染性腹泻流行期应尽量少在公共游玩区域与其他儿童玩耍”(OR=15.87,95%CI为2.71~93.04)、“您的孩子在班级发病,若无条件立即接回家照看也不应该返回班级继续上课”(OR=13.36,95%CI为4.43~40.25)对满分的贡献较大。而“家里小孩出现呕吐腹泻时应叮嘱其饭前洗手”在非涉疫的对照组得分贡献较高(OR=7.18,95%CI为2.01~25.70),却没有在研究组结果体现,提示疫情发生可能与这方面行为意识有关。结论 家长的知识水平较薄弱,知信行得分受行为因素影响较大,应重视感染性腹泻知识宣传,适当对家长行为进行干预。
Objective To analyze the similarities and differences of knowledge, attitude and practice about norovirus infection diarrhea between parents of disinfestation-related classes and non-disinfestation-related classes, so as to provide theoretical reference for prevention and control intervention of norovirus infection diarrhea.Methods Parents of primary and secondary schools and kindergarten with norovirus-infected diarrhea outbreak in Longhua District from 2020-09-01 to 2020-12-01 were selected as the study group(n=740),and parents of classes not involved in the outbreak were selected as the control group(n=3 202) in a 1:4 ratio.The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts: knowledge, attitude and practice, with a total of 18 questions.Each item has four choices, each with a maximum score of 4.The differences of basic information, scores and the number of parents with full mark between two groups were analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the problems affecting parents' score ≥65 points, and summarize weakness of parents' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors.Results There was no statistically significant difference in scores between parents in the case group and the control group(Z=-0.078,P=0.938).The score of kindergarten parents was higher than that of primary and secondary school parents(Z=-3.038,P<0.05).The scores of the three parts from low to high are knowledge(3.19±0.97),attitude(3.78±0.54) and behavior(3.85±0.48) respectively.Fewer parents of children ≤6 years of age in the study group received a perfect score than in the control group(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.67-0.87).Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups for four knowledge items,including " Vomiting is predominant in children with norovirus diarrhea".In the study group,the knowledge items,e.g. "children must wash and disinfect fruit or milk utensils before containing them"(OR=144.91,95%CI:8.98-2 338.73)and "children should try not play with other children in public play areas during the epidemic period of infectious diarrhea."(OR=15.87,95%CI:2.71-93.04),and "children should not return to school for class if he or she is not in a position to be taken home immediately for care,once they were found infected"(OR=13.36,95%CI:4.43-40.25)contributed more to the perfect score.In contrast,the knowledge item, "children at home should be instructed to wash their hands before meals when they have vomiting and diarrhea" contributed more to the score in the non-epidemic control group(OR=7.18,95%CI:2.01-25.70)but not in the study group,suggesting that the occurrence of the epidemic may be related to behavioral awareness in this area.Conclusions The level of knowledge of parents is low and the total score of knowledge,attitude and behavior is greatly affected by behavioral factors.Therefore,attention should be paid to the publicity knowledge of infectious diarrhea,and appropriate intervention should be carried out on parents' behavior.
作者
吕鸿鑫
黄晓云
LYU Hongxin;HUANG Xiaoyun(Department of Epidemic and Infectious Disease Control,Longhua Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen 518109,China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
CAS
2023年第9期442-447,共6页
Journal Of Community Medicine
基金
龙华区医疗卫生机构2022年区级科研项目(2022017)
龙华区医学重点学科建设(202065)。
关键词
诺如病毒
知信行
调查
监护人
norovirus
knowledge-attitudes-behaviors
investigation
guardian
