摘要
[目的]研究枯落物和土壤层水文功能,从而明晰北京山区不同植被的水源涵养能力,可为当地植被建设提供借鉴。[方法]使用室内浸泡法、环刀法、定水头法等对北京山区不同植被的枯落物与土壤层水文功能进行了定量分析,并通过相关性分析明确了有机碳与土壤层水文功能之间的关系。[结果](1)枯落物最大持水率、最大拦蓄率、有效拦蓄率为侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)×灌木混交林>五角枫(Acer elegantulum)纯林>五角枫×侧柏混交林>侧柏纯林。最大持水量、最大拦蓄量、有效拦蓄量均为五角枫纯林>侧柏×灌木混交林>五角枫×侧柏混交林>侧柏纯林,且均为半分解层大于未分解层。(2)土壤饱和持水量和毛管持水量排序为侧柏纯林>五角枫纯林>侧柏×灌木混交林>五角枫×侧柏混交林。土壤非毛管持水量大小排序为五角枫×侧柏混交林>五角枫纯林>侧柏×灌木混交林>侧柏纯林。土壤饱和导水率沿剖面向下逐渐减小,平均饱和导水率最大的植被类型为侧柏×灌木混交林。(3)土壤有机碳含量表现为沿剖面向下逐渐减小,且土壤有机碳含量与容重、总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和导水率均呈显著相关(p<0.05)。[结论]纯林土壤层的持水能力整体优于混交林,且都远超枯落物的持水能力。而混交林土壤导水能力整体优于纯林。有机碳可以显著影响土壤物理性质与导水能力,对于改良土壤水文功能具有积极意义。
[Objective]The water conservation capacity of different vegetation in Beijing mountainous area can be clarified through studying the hydrological function of litter and soil layer,which can provide reference for local vegetation construction.[Methods]The hydrological functions of litters and soil layers of different vegetation types in the Mountains of Beijing were quantitatively analyzed by the methods of indoor immersion,circumferential knife cutting and water head fixing.The relationship between organic carbon and hydrological function of soil layer was clarified by correlation analysis.[Results](1)The maximum water holding rate,maximum retention rate and effective retention rate of litter decreased in the order:the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×shrub>the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis.The maximum water holding capacity,the maximum holding capacity and the effective holding capacity of litter decreased in the order:the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub>the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis,and these parameters of semi-decomposed layers were greater than those of the undecomposed layers.(2)The order of soil saturated water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity were the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub>the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis.The order of non-capillary water holding capacity of different vegetation type were the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis>the pure forest of Acer elegantulum>the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub>the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis.The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased gradually along the profile,and the maximum value of average saturated hydraulic conductivity was observed in the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×shrub.(3)Soil organic carbon content decreased gradually along the profile,and was significantly correlated with bulk density,total porosity,non-capillary porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity(p<0.05).[Conclusion]The water holding capacity of soil layer of pure forest was better than mixed forest on the whole,and exceeded that of litter.The soil water storage capacity of mixed forest was better than pure forest.Organic carbon can significantly affect soil physical properties and water conductivity,which is of positive significance for improving soil hydrological function.
作者
张益
林毅雁
张杰铭
贾国栋
樊登星
余新晓
ZHANG Yi;LIN Yiyan;ZHANG Jieming;JIA Guodong;FAN Dengxing;YU Xinxiao(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Metropolitan Area Field Scientific Observation Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry,Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture,Fuzhou 350119,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期160-168,共9页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金“季节性干旱的树木水分利用适应机制研究”(41877152)。
关键词
水土保持
水文功能
北京山区
枯落物
土壤层
soil and water conservation
hydrological function
Beijing mountainous area
litter
soil layer
