摘要
中国高考具有“早发内生型”特征,2014年以来的高考综合改革对高考制度的“早发”与“内生”产生了极大的挑战。“早发”体现了高考的历史性,高考的选才、纸笔测试、高竞争与科举的选官、程文、高利害同源;“内生”表现为社会发展与高考制度、资源配置与统一高考、差序格局、高考公平的关系密切。“早发内生型”特征于高考综合改革而言有阻力亦有动力,当下及未来的改革应基于厚重的历史文化、神圣的职责使命,析出考试大国、教育强国高考改革的价值导向;基于为国为民的责任担当、差序格局的中国社会,关注政府机构在高考中的角色转换;基于恪守公平的基本原则、进阶性的时序模式,构建相对统一、有限多样的招考方式;基于追求科学的基本准则、自适应的组织模式,探索适于中国国情的高校招生胜任力建设路径。
The college entrance examination in China has the characteristics of"early onset and endogenous type".The comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination since 2014 has posed a great challenge to the"early onset"and"endogeneity"of the college entrance examination system."Early onset"reflects the historicity of the college entrance examination,that is,the selection of talents,paper-based tests,and high competition in the college entrance examination are the same origin as the selection of officials,submission of dissertations,and high interests in the imperial examination."Endogeneity"shows that there is a close relationship between social development and college entrance examination system,resource allocation and unified college entrance examination,differential pattern and college entrance examination fairness.The characteristics of"early onset and endogenous type"could be barriers and motivations in terms of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination.This and future reform should be based on Chinese rich history and profound culture,sacred duties and missions,and separate out the value orientation of the reform of college entrance examination in a big examination country and an educational power.Based on the responsibility for the country and the people and the differential order of the Chinese society,we should pay attention to the role transformation of government institutions in the college entrance examination.Based on abiding by the basic principles of fairness and progressive time series model,we should construct relatively unified,limited and diversified enrollment methods.And based on the basic principle of pursuit of science and adaptive organization model,we should explore the construction path of college enrollment competency suitable for the conditions of our country.
出处
《江苏高教》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期19-29,共11页
Jiangsu Higher Education
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高校考试招生改革引导学生德智体美劳全面发展研究”(20JZD050)
中国博士后科学基金第70批面上资助项目“高考综合改革对基础教育与高等教育衔接的影响研究”(2021M701313)。
关键词
中国高考
“早发内生型”
高考综合改革
Chinese college entrance examination
"early onset and endogenous type"
comprehensive reform of college entrance examination
