摘要
【目的】对高纺锤形苹果树的冠层生长规律进行研究,为苹果高纺锤形树形的生长管理提供参考。【方法】以M26中间砧短枝富士为试材,选择4,8,12年生3个树龄的果树作为3个处理,人工测量和统计各树龄冠层基本信息及枝组结构,构建3个树龄果树的虚拟树体模型,比较实际树体照片与虚拟树体,基于构建的三维模型计算果树冠层总叶面积(total leaf area,TLA)、照射叶面积(projected leaf area,PLA)、光截获效率(silhouette to total leaf area ratio,STAR)、叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)等指标,建立3个树龄果树的虚拟果园,并模拟计算其中单株果树的光截获效率,用LAI-2000冠层分析仪测定各树龄冠层的LAI,并与三维模型计算结果进行比较和验证。【结果】数字化得到的果树冠层基本信息及枝组结构与人工测量统计结果均无显著差异,但数字化得到的枝组结构更为准确。与实际树体照片相比,虚拟树体图像整体上能够展示树体实际生长情况。3个树龄果树冠层的TLA与PLA分别为6.41,11.60,19.69 m^(2)和2.38,3.88,5.77 m^(2),随树龄的增长而显著上升;STAR值分别为0.37,0.33和0.29,随树龄增长而下降,但三者之间差异并不显著,LAI分别为1.78,3.87和3.28;在虚拟果园中,模拟计算得到的4,8和12年生果树的STAR值分别为0.30,0.18和0.19,其中4年生与8,12年生果树之间有显著差异。冠层叶面积指数实测值与三维模型模拟值的均方根误差(RMSE)为0.171,可知模型的精准度高。【结论】高纺锤形富士苹果树幼树有较好的光截获效率,随树龄增长单株果树的光截获效率有所下降。且相较于低龄果园,高龄果园中果树冠层光截获效率下降明显,建议果园管理中应注意合理控制种植密度和枝叶密度,以改善高龄果园冠层的光照分布。
【Objective】The canopy growth law of high-spindle apple tree was studied to provide reference for the management of high-spindle apple trees.【Method】The spur Fuji on M26 interstock was selected and three treatments of 4-,8-and 12-year-old trees were included to obtain basic canopy information and branch structure.A virtual tree model of apple trees at three ages was constructed for comparison of physical tree photo and virtual tree.The total leaf area(TLA),projected leaf area(PLA),silhouette to total leaf area ratio(STAR),leaf area index(LAI)and other indicators of fruit tree canopy were calculated based on the constructed 3D model,and virtual orchards at three different ages were established to calculate light interception efficiency.At last,the leaf area index of each canopy layer was measured by the canopy analyzer LAI-2000 and compared with the model calculation.【Result】There was no significant difference in branch structure between field investigation and digital results,and the digitally obtained branch group structure was more accurate.Compared with actual tree photo,the virtual tree image showed the actual growth of trees as a whole.The TLA of fruit tree canopy of the three ages were 6.41 m^(2),11.60 m^(2)and 19.69 m^(2)and their PLA were 2.38 m^(2),3.88 m^(2)and 5.77 m^(2),both increased significantly with the growth of tree.The STAR values were 0.37,0.33 and 0.29 without significant difference among ages,and the LAI values were 1.78,3.87 and 3.28,respectively.In the virtual orchard,the simulated STAR values were 0.30,0.18 and 0.19,and 4-year-old trees had significant difference with 8-and 12-year-old trees.The root mean square error(RMSE)between the LAI-2000 measured canopy leaf area index values and the 3D model calculated values was 0.171,indicating high model accuracy.【Conclusion】The saplings of Fuji apple trees had good light interception efficiency.The light interception efficiency of individual fruit trees decreased insignificantly with the growth of tree age,and the light interception efficiency in older orchards decreased more than younger orchards.It is recommended to control reasonable planting density and branch and leaf density to improve canopy light distribution in aged orchards.
作者
陈枫楠
张林森
宋耀峰
赵先飞
刘宇
于国康
赵紫嫣
CHEN Fengnan;ZHANG Linsen;SONG Yaofeng;ZHAO Xianfei;LIU Yu;YU Guokang;ZHAO Ziyan(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期110-118,共9页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27)。
关键词
苹果栽培
树冠结构
高纺锤形
三维模型
apple planting
canopy structure
tall spindle shape
3D model
