摘要
[目的]高粱是世界第五大禾谷类作物,作为高光效C4作物具有抗旱、耐涝、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄等多重抗性,在保证全球粮食安全及促进边际土地利用方面发挥着不可替代的关键作用。[方法]本文以1961-2020年FAO数据为基础,结合海关等数据对世界高粱的分布、面积、总产量、单位面积产量、我国产业现状及进出口情况等进行了分析与探讨。[结果]分析发现,1961-2020年世界高粱年平均收获面积非洲>亚洲>美洲>大洋洲>欧洲,亚洲、非洲、美洲3大高粱主要生产洲非洲增加、亚洲下降、美洲平稳,总产量美洲>非洲>亚洲>大洋洲>欧洲,而单位面积产量欧洲、美洲和大洋洲高于世界平均水平,亚洲和非洲相对较低;2020年世界高粱主产国中高粱收获面积苏丹、印度、尼日利亚、尼日尔产量排在前列,总产美国>尼日利亚>埃塞俄比亚>印度>墨西哥>中国>巴西>苏丹>其他国家,美国总产量最高,为947.4万t;我国高粱收获面积排名第12,总产量排名第6,单位面积产量排名第2;内蒙古、吉林、贵州、黑龙江、辽宁、四川、山西、河南等省区为高粱主要产区;目前,我国是高粱进口大国,总体进口数量持续增加。[结论]世界高粱产业稳步发展,面积、总产量、单位面积产量等变化具有规律性和必然性,高粱生产不断向更为干旱瘠薄的非洲转移。中国作为高粱重要主产国在世界高粱产业格局中发挥着重要作用,应进一步加强相关研究与应用,调整优化产业政策,挖掘提高干旱、盐碱、瘠薄土壤高粱生产能力,满足市场的多样化需求。
[Objective]Sorghum is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world.As a high photosynthetic efficiency C4 crop,sor⁃ghum has multiple resistance to drought,waterlogging,salt,alkali,and barren conditions.It plays a key role in ensuring glob⁃al food security and promoting marginal land use.[Methods]This paper discussed the world distribution,area,production,and unit yield of sorghum,as well as the current situation of Chinese industry,import,and export based on the FAO data from 1961 to 2020,along with customs data.[Results]The analysis indicated that from 1961 to 2020,the average yearly harvesting area of sorghum was highest in Africa,followed by Asia,America,Oceania,and Europe.Among the three major sorghum produc⁃tion continents,Africa’s area increased,Asia’s decreased,while America’s remined stable.The total output was highest in America,followed by Africa,Asia,Oceania,and Europe.Europe,America,and Oceania had a higher yield per unit area than the world average,while Asia and Africa had relatively lower yields.In 2020,Sudan,India,Nigeria and Niger were the major sorghum producers with the highest planting area,while the total production was highest in the United States,followed by Nigeria,Ethiopia,India,Mexico,China,Brazil,Sudan,and other countries.The United States had the highest total out⁃put of 9.474 million tons.China ranked 12th in terms of harvesting area,6th in total production,and 2nd in unit yield.Sor⁃ghum production in China mainly takes place in Inner Mongolia,Jilin,Guizhou,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Sichuan,Shanxi,and Henan provinces.Currently,China is a significant importer of sorghum,and the overall import quantity has been increas⁃ing.[Conclusion]The world sorghum industry is developing stably,and the changes in area,production,and unit yield are reg⁃ular and inevitable.Sorghum production continues to shift to more arid and barren Africa.As an important producer,China plays an important role in the world sorghum industry pattern.Therefore,it is essential to strengthen relevant research and ap⁃plication,adjust and optimize industry policies,explore and improve the production capacity of sorghum in arid,saline-alkali and barren soil,and meet the diversified needs of the market.
作者
邹剑秋
Zou Jianqiu(Sorghum Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第1期1-10,共10页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-14.5-A11)
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001700)。
