摘要
随着北京总部经济的蓬勃发展和非首都核心功能疏解的持续推进,北京与国内其他城市的资本流动得到了越来越多的关注。论文利用2000—2019年北京与全国地级及以上城市对外投资和吸引投资数据,揭示北京对外投资和吸引投资的时空特征,并利用地理加权回归(GWR)模型分析投资影响因素的空间分异特征。研究发现:(1)北京对外投资与吸引投资规模均呈现出先增加再减少的趋势,且对外投资一直大于吸引投资,北京是资本净输出区;北京对外投资和吸引投资均以服务业为主,对外投资的制造业总额和比重均大于吸引投资。(2)北京对外投资与吸引投资空间范围不断扩大,对外投资的空间分布范围更广,分层现象更加明显;北京对外投资目的地以东部沿海城市和省会城市为主,近期更注重对中西部城市和北京周边城市的投资;北京吸引投资来源地较为稳定,主要是省会城市、东部沿海城市和北京周边城市。对外投资与吸引投资的重点区域非常类似。(3)北京对外投资与吸引投资的空间集中程度高但呈现下降趋势,吸引投资空间集中程度更高;近期北京对外投资分布呈现空间正相关分布,吸引投资呈现随机分布;对外投资形成了京津冀、长三角、山东半岛三大高—高集聚区;吸引投资形成了长三角、珠三角两大高—高集聚区。(4)对外投资与吸引投资均受到经济发展规模差异、产业结构水平差异的影响,影响效果存在明显的空间异质性;对外投资还会受到交通通达性和劳动力成本差异的影响,吸引投资还会受到经济开放程度差异的影响。论文完善了对外投资目的地与吸引投资来源地的对比研究,丰富了投资地理研究。
With the vigorous development of Beijing’s headquarters economy and continuous promotion of the relief of noncapital core functions,capital flows between Beijing and other cities in China have received increasingly attention.Using the data of Beijing’s outward investment and inward investment at prefecture-level and above cities from 2000 to 2019,this study examined the temporal and spatial characteristics of Beijing’s outward investment and inward investment,and analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of investment influencing factors using a geographically weighted regression(GWR)model.The research found that:1)Beijing’s outward investment and inward investment first increased and then decreased,outward investment had always been greater than inward investment,and Beijing was a net capital export area.Beijing’s outward investment and inward investment were mainly in the service sector,and the total amount and proportion of manufacturing in outward investment were greater than that of inward investment.2)The spatial scope of Beijing’s outward investment and inward investment continued to expand,the spatial distribution of destinations of outward investment was wider than inward investment,and the stratification phenomenon was more obvious.Beijing’s outward investment was mainly in eastern coastal cities and provincial capital cities.Recently,more attention had been paid to the investment in central and western cities and cities around Beijing.The origin city of inward investment was stable,mainly provincial capital cities,eastern coastal cities,and cities around Beijing.The key cities of outward investment and inward investment were similar.3)Beijing had a high degree of spatial concentration of outward investment and inward investment but showed a downward trend,and the degree of spatial concentration of inward investment was even higher.Recently,Beijing’s outward investment had shown a positive spatial association,and inward investment had shown a random distribution.The high-high agglomeration areas of outward investment were the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,and Shandong Peninsula regions,and the high-high agglomeration areas of inward investment were the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions.4)Beijing’s outward investment and inward investment were both affected by differences in economic development scale and industrial structure,but there was an obvious spatial heterogeneity in the effects of influence.Outward investment was also affected by differences in transportation accessibility and labor costs,and inward investment was also affected by differences in economic openness.The research has improved the comparative study of outward investment destinations and inward investment sources,and enriched the study of investment geography.
作者
王子安
卢明华
WANG Zi'an;LU Minghua(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期438-451,共14页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41971156,42071148)。
关键词
企业投资
对外投资
吸引投资
地理加权回归
北京
enterprise investment
outward investment
inward investment
geographically weighted regression
Beijing
