摘要
朱子直接根据《大学》的文本主张“致知在格物”,阳明则基于孟子有关本心的思想重新诠释《大学》,主张致知以格物。在朱子处,格物属于知而不是行,是本心之知主导意识的前提。阳明所说格物则以本心之知为前提,是对本心之知的落实,已不仅是知而且是行。从工夫阶次的角度来看,格物在阳明这里主要有两种含义,即为善去恶与勉然去欲。含义一通贯勉然与自然两层工夫,含义二则主要指第一层的工夫。与阳明不同,象山否定勉然的积极作用,主张工夫直接从自然入手,阳明批评其扩大了自然做工夫的适用范围。不过,值得注意的是,阳明后学中包括王龙溪、王塘南等在内的不少人并非接近于阳明反而接近于象山。
While Zhu Zi advocated that acquiring knowledge is based on exploring the things,Wang Yangming reinterpreted the thoughts in Dazue based on Mencius'ideas about the original mind and advocated that exploring the things are based on acquiring knowledge.For Zhu Zi,exploring things is a kind of static knowledge rather than the dynamic action,and is a prerequisite for one's dominance of consciousness by the original mind.For Wang Yangming,exploring things is based on realizing the original mind and therefore,it is not only knowledge but also action.From the point of view of the order of doing efforts,there are two main meanings of exploring things in Wang Yangming's sense,namely,to remove evil and do good as well as to remove the desire intentionally.The first sort of meaning contains two levels of doing efforts:doing efforts intentionally and naturally,while the second sort of meaning mainly refers to the first level of doing efforts,which is doing efforts intentionally.Unlike Yangming,Lu Xiangshan denied the positive effect of unnatural efforts and advocated that doing efforts should start directly from the nature way,which Yangming criticized as expanding the scope of application of doing efforts.However,it is worth noticing that many of Yangming's later scholars,including Wang Longxi and Wang Tangnan,were closer to Xiangshan than to Yangming.
作者
傅锡洪
FU Xihong(Boya College,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《齐鲁学刊》
CSSCI
2023年第2期14-25,共12页
Qilu Journal
基金
贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大课题“王阳明及其后学的礼学思想研究”(20GZGX08)
中山大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“王阳明思想新探”(22WKQB01)。
关键词
工夫
格物
致知
勉然
自然
efforts
exploring things
acquiring knowledge
intentionally
naturally
