摘要
由于地层的黏弹性和非均质性,地震波在传播过程中振幅衰减,相位畸变,导致地震资料分辨率和信噪比降低.反Q滤波是补偿地层衰减的一种常用方法.常规的反Q滤波方法的振幅补偿算子只与时间、频率有关,其振幅补偿频带范围、强度固定不变,不能够根据地震记录的自身特点灵活地进行振幅补偿.基于此,本文在广义稳定反Q滤波法的基础上,提出了一种改进的广义稳定反Q滤波方法.新方法提出了一种新的稳定因子,并通过参数p对振幅补偿算子进行了优化.其振幅补偿算子与地震资料信噪比、走时、频率、品质因子相适应,可以更加精确地对振幅进行补偿.理论数据测试和实际地震资料应用均表明,新方法在振幅补偿和噪声压制上优于广义稳定反Q滤波法,其处理后的地震资料振幅恢复保真度、分辨率和信噪比更高,对储层预测和精细解释工作具有重要意义.
Due to the viscoelasticity and heterogeneity of the layer,the amplitude is attenuated,phase is distorted,dominant frequency is reduced,and the effective frequency band is narrowed in the process of seismic wave propagation,resulting in the reduction of seismic data resolution and Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR).The inverse Q filtering is a common method for compensating for formation attenuation.The amplitude compensation operators of the conventional inverse Q filtering methods are only related to time and frequency.Their frequency band range and intensity of amplitude compensation is fixed.The traditional methods cannot flexibly compensate the amplitude according to the characteristics of the seismic records.Based on this,an improved generalized stable inverse Q filtering method based on the generalized stable inverse Q filtering method is proposed.The new method takes the SNR of seismic data as prior information,proposes a new stabilization factor under the constraint of SNR,and optimizes the amplitude compensation operator through the parameter p.The amplitude compensation operator of new method is adapted to the SNR,travel time,frequency and quality factor of seismic data.The SNR controls the amplitude compensation operator by constraining the stabilization factor,so the SNR directly affects the amplitude compensation intensity.By introducing the SNR,the new method is able to distinguish between signal and noise.The new method can compensate amplitude discriminatively according to the characteristics of seismic data.It is fully compensated at high SNR,but not compensated at low SNR.So it can compensate amplitude more accurately.Both the test of theoretical data and the application of real data show that the new method is superior to the generalized stable inverse Q filtering method in amplitude compensation and noise suppression.The amplitude recovery fidelity,resolution and SNR of the processed seismic data are higher,which is of great significance for reservoir prediction and fine interpretation.
作者
田广
赵岩
TIAN Guang;ZHAO Yan(Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources(Yangtze University),Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430100,China;Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas,Yangtze University(Ministry of Education and Hubei Province),Wuhan 430100,China;School of Geophysics and Oil Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China)
出处
《地球物理学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期285-297,共13页
Progress in Geophysics
基金
长江大学非常规油气省部共建协同创新中心开放基金(UOG2022-20)
国家自然科学基金(41604094)联合资助。
关键词
反Q滤波
地层衰减
振幅补偿
分辨率
信噪比
Inverse Q filtering
Formation attenuation
Amplitude compensation
Resolution
Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)
