摘要
【目的】以空中压条繁育的‘怀枝’大树为砧木与不同荔枝品种接穗进行高接换种,筛选与‘怀枝’嫁接表现亲和性好、果实性状优良的荔枝接穗品种,为我国荔枝品种结构优化调整提供技术支持。【方法】选择25年生‘怀枝’大树作砧木,用‘新球蜜荔’‘琼荔1号’和‘桂味’等35个荔枝品种(优株)作接穗进行改良切接法高接换种,嫁接4年后根据嫁接成活率、嫁接口愈合状况、生长势及叶片颜色综合评价砧穗组合的亲和性,并测定分析单果重、果实纵横径、可食率和可溶性固形物含量等果实品质指标,筛选适合‘怀枝’高接换种的荔枝品种。【结果】在‘怀枝’与不同荔枝品种(优株)砧穗组合的亲和性指标中,成活率、砧穗比和田间亲和力常数分别为19.44%~66.43%、1.02~1.24和1.88~2.22。其中,‘新球蜜荔’的嫁接成活率最高,且显著高于‘桂荔1号’‘北通红’和‘英山红’(P<0.05,下同);‘荷花大红荔’的砧穗比最大,且显著高于‘GLL-2’‘桂荔1号’和‘琼荔1号’;‘妃子笑’的田间亲和力常数最大,且显著大于‘新球蜜荔’‘琼荔1号’和‘糯米糍’。在生长量指标中,砧木直径、接穗直径、接穗长度和分枝级数在嫁接4年后分别为3.16~6.81 cm、2.89~6.11 cm、1.12~2.40 m和5.17~9.58级。其中,‘荷花大红荔’的砧木直径最大,且显著高于‘双肩玉荷包’‘琼荔1号’和‘白糖罂’;‘庙种糯’的接穗直径最大,且显著高于‘双肩玉荷包’‘琼荔1号’和‘英山红’;‘唐夏红’的接穗长度最长,且显著高于‘琼荔1号’‘双肩玉荷包’和‘仙婆果’;‘仙进奉’的分枝级数最多,且显著高于‘御金球’‘双肩玉荷包’和‘白糖罂’。嫁接亲和性与生长量指标间存在密切的相关性。35个荔枝品种(优株)中有22个能正常结果,平均单果重、可食率和可溶性固形物含量分别为15.97~39.50 g、62.26%~83.93%和16.53%~20.67%。其中,‘马贵荔’的平均单果重最重,且显著高于‘江口荔’‘庙种糯’和‘玉谭蜜荔’;‘观音绿’的可食率最高,且显著高于‘桂早荔’‘泸州桂味’和‘岵山晚荔’;‘妃子笑’的可溶性固形物含量最高,且显著高于‘大丁香’‘仙婆果’和‘怀枝’;果实成熟期在6月3日至7月25日,以‘桂早荔’成熟最早,‘马贵荔’成熟最晚。【结论】‘新球蜜荔’‘妃子笑’和‘草莓荔’等22个荔枝品种(优株)与‘怀枝’进行高接换种的嫁接成活率均较高,嫁接后生长良好,果实品质和成熟期具有丰富的多样性,生产上可根据市场需求选择适合的接穗品种与‘怀枝’进行高接换种。‘北通红’的亲和性较差,‘琼荔1号’‘双肩玉荷包’和‘白糖罂’的亲和性一般,且未能正常结果,不宜与‘怀枝’进行高接换种。
【Objective】The main purpose of the study was to screen out the varieties with good compatibility and fine fruit traits grafted on air layering litchi cv.‘Huaizhi’plants as rootstock,and provided theoretical basis for the optimization and adjustment of the structure of litchi varieties.【Method】The 25-year-old‘Huaizhi’plants were selected as rootstocks,and 35 litchi varieties(fine seedlings)such as‘Xinqiumi-li’‘Qiongli No.1’and‘Guiwei’were used as scions for top grafting.After grafting for 4 years,the compatibility of rootstock and ear combi-nation was evaluated comprehensively according to grafting survival rate,grafting healing status,growth potential and leaf color,and fruit qual-ity indexes such as single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameters of fruit,edible rate and soluble solid content were determined and an-alyzed,so as to select litchi varieties suitable for high grafting of‘Huizhi’.【Result】Among the compatibility indexes of litchi varieties graf-ted on‘Huaizhi’,the survival rate,rootstock to scion ratio and field compatibility constants(FCC)were 19.44%-66.43%,1.02-1.26 and 1.88-2.22,respectively.Among them,the variety with the highest grafting survival rate was‘Xinqiumili’,which was significantly high-er than that of‘Guili No.1’‘Beitonghong’and‘Yingshanhong’(P<0.05,the same as below);The variety with the highest rootstock to scion ratio was‘Hehuadahongli’,which was significantly higher than that of‘GLL-2’‘Guili No.1’and‘Xinqiumili’;The variety with the highest FCC was‘Feizixiao’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Xinqiumili’‘Qiongli No.1’and‘Nuomici’.Among the growth indexes of litchi varieties grafted on‘Huaizhi’,the stock diameter,scion diameter,scion length and branch grade were 3.16-6.81 cm,2.89-6.11 cm,1.12-2.40 m and 5.17-9.58 grades respectively after 4 years.Among them,the variety with the highest stock diameter was‘Hehuadahongli’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Shuangjianyühebao’‘Qiongli No.1’and‘Baitangying’;The variety with the highest scion diameter was‘Miaozhongnuo’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Shuangjianyühebao’‘Qiongli No.1’and‘Yings-hanhong’;The variety with the highest scion length was‘Tangxiahong’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Qiongli No.1’‘Shuangjianyühebao’and‘Xianpoguo’;The variety with the highest branch grade was‘Xianjinfeng’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Yijinqiu’‘Shuangjianyühebao’and‘Baitangying’.There were close correlation between graft compatibility and growth inde-xes.Among the 35 varieties(fine seedlings),22 varieties had bear normal fruit.The average fruit weight,edible percentage and total soluble solids were 15.97-39.50 g,62.26%-83.93%and 16.53%-20.67%,respectively.Among them,the variety with the highest fruit weight was‘Maguili’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Jiangkouli’‘Miaozhongnuo’and‘Yütanmili’;The variety with the high-est edible percentage was‘Guanyinlü’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Guizaoli’‘Luzhouguiwei’and‘Hushanwanli’;The va-riety with the highest total soluble solids was‘Feizixiao’,which was significantly higher than that of‘Dadingxiang’‘Xianpoguo’and‘Hua-izhi’.Fruit maturity was from June 3 to July 25.Among them,the earliest mature variety was‘Guizaoli’,and the latest mature variety was‘Maguili’.【Conclusion】Twenty-two litchi varieties,such as‘Xinqiumili’‘Feizixiao’and‘Caomeili’,had a high survival rate of grafting with‘Huaizhi’.After grafting,the growth was good,and the fruit quality and maturity stage were diverse.In production,suitable scion varie-ties and‘Huaizhi’could be selected according to the market demand for high grafting.Compatibility of‘Beitonghong’was poor,compatibili-ty of‘Qiongli No.1’‘Shuangjianyuhebao’and‘Baitangying’was general,and failed to bear fruits and should not be top grafting with‘Huaizhi’.
作者
李冬波
彭宏祥
徐宁
李鸿莉
侯延杰
邱宏业
张树伟
朱建华
丁峰
秦献泉
李平
LI Dong-bo;PENG Hong-xiang;XU Ning;LI Hong-li;HOU Yan-jie;QIU Hong-ye;ZHANG Shu-wei;ZHU Jian-hua;DING Feng;QIN Xian-quan;LI Ping(Horticulture Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;South Asian Tropical Fruit Tree Scientific Observation Station(Nanning),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Key Open Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Biotechnology,Nanning 530007,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Madong Town,Guiping,Guangxi 537211,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期386-395,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32060659)
国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系良种繁育与生产配套技术岗位项目(CARS-32-04)
广西科技计划项目(桂科AB1850029)
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西荔枝龙眼创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-01)。
关键词
荔枝品种
怀枝
高接换种
嫁接亲和性
砧穗组合
果实品质
Litchi variety
Huaizhi
Top grafting
Grafting compatibility
Rootstock-scion combination
Fruit quality
