摘要
苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)杂交F1代的性状分离变异十分复杂,为掌握其杂交后代遗传规律,本研究将‘中苎1号’和‘湘饲纤兼用1号’杂交,构建1012个子代F1代无性扩繁的群体,并对其杂种优势和混合遗传进行了分析。结果表明,F1代遗传多样性丰富,各性状的遗传性在正反交中基本一致,属于细胞核遗传。对F1代杂交群体进行杂种优势分析,发现株高、茎粗、皮厚、单兜有效株数、单兜原麻干重表现出较强的正向优势,更倾向于高值亲本‘中苎1号’遗传,鲜皮出麻率、单纤维细度表现出较强的负向优势,更倾向于低值亲本‘湘饲纤兼用1号’遗传,除单兜原麻干重的超亲优势较强外,其他性状的超亲优势均为负向,以单纤维细度的负向最为显著;采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型进行分析,发现株高、单兜有效株数、单兜原麻干重、单纤维细度的遗传可能受两对加性-显性-上位主效基因控制,茎粗的遗传可能受两对相等的加性-显性主效基因控制,皮厚、鲜皮出麻率的遗传可能受1对加性-显性主效基因控制,各性状的遗传力均属于中等遗传率,受环境影响较大。因此,了解苎麻F1代主要性状的遗传规律,对苎麻杂交育种和后代优良单兜选育提供工作基础。
To understand the inheritance law of complex traits in hybrid progenies of ramie(Boehmeria nivea),we crossed two ramie varieties‘Zhongzhu 1’with‘Xiangsi Xian 1’and obtained a F1 asexual propagation population of 1012 progenies.We analyzed the heterosis and mixed inheritance of this F1 population.The results showed that the F1 generation was rich in genetic diversity,and the heredity of each character was basically the same as that from reciprocal cross,which belonged to nuclear inheritance.Analysis of heterosis in F1 hybrid population showed that plant height,stem diameter,skin thickness,effective plant,and dry weight of single stalk showed strong positive heterosis,which was more inclined to the inheritance of high value parent‘Zhongzhu 1’.The flax yield of fresh skin and the fineness of single fiber showed a strong negative heterosis,which was more inclined to the inheritance of the low-value parent‘Xiangsi Xian 1’.Except for the strong super-parent heterosis of dry weight,the super-parent heterosis of other traits was negative,and the negative direction of single fiber fineness was the most significant.Based on the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene,the inheritance of plant height,effective plant,dry weight,and fineness of single fiber may be controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes.The inheritance of stem diameter may be controlled by two pairs of equal additive-dominant major genes,and the inheritance of skin thickness and fresh skin flax rate may be controlled by a pair of additive-dominant major genes.Each character had a medium heritability,probably owing to the influence of the environment.Therefore,it is important to understand the inheritance pattern of the main traits of F1 generation of ramie,and this will help in cross breeding and selection of good single roots for future generations.
作者
赵龙
汪娅梅
揭红东
马玉申
杨奕涵
丁俊
唐艳仪
吕雪莹
刘小春
揭雨成
ZHAO Long;WANG Yamei;JIE Hongdong;MA Yushen;YANG Yihan;DING Jun;TANG Yanyi;LYU Xueying;LIU Xiaochun;JIE Yucheng(Hunan Agricultural University Ramie Research Institute,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Hunan Grass Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期468-481,共14页
Pratacultural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31872877、32071940)
湖南省重点研发计划(2020NK2028S2020GCZDYF0505)
国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台项目(NICGR-2019-072)。
关键词
苎麻
杂交后代
杂种优势
数量性状
遗传力
遗传规律
育种
ramie
hybrid offspring
heterosis
quantitative character
heritability
genetic laws
breeding
