摘要
土壤微生物功能多样性是土壤质量改善的重要指标,研究采煤矿区复垦土壤微生物功能多样性与共现性特征,对于矿区复垦及生态重建具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。本研究以玉米为复垦作物,采集了采煤矿区复垦1年后的撂荒(UL)、不施肥(CK)、施磷钾肥(PK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥解磷菌肥配施(NPKB)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥化肥配施(MNPK)、有机肥化肥解磷菌肥配施(MNPKB)8个处理下的0~20 cm耕层土壤,利用Biolog-ECO微平板法结合多元分析对不同处理下土壤微生物群落的碳源利用情况、功能多样性和共现性特征进行探究。结果表明,复垦施肥能够显著提高土壤微生物对31种碳源的利用能力,并且可以显著提高土壤微生物群落的多样性和丰富度,其中MNPK处理与NPK处理的效果最佳。主成分分析(PCA)和双向聚类分析均表明,欠施肥处理组(UL、CK和PK)和完全施肥处理组(NPK、NPKB、M、MNPK和MNPKB)的组间碳源利用特征存在明显分异,而组内各处理的碳源利用图谱相似。完全施肥处理组的土壤微生物群落功能活性显著高于欠施肥处理组。共发生网络分析结果显示,与欠施肥处理组相比,完全施肥处理组微生物的碳源利用呈现出更强的网络共现性,拥有更复杂的网络组成。说明即使1年的短期复垦施肥处理也能明显提高采煤矿区的土壤微生物功能多样性,且NPK均衡的完全施肥处理有助于复垦土壤微生物恢复其复杂、稳定的群落结构,其中有机肥化肥配施与单施化肥的复垦效果最佳,在采煤矿区复垦实际中应用潜力更大。
Soil microbial functional diversity is a key indicator of soil quality. Revealing the characteristics of soil microbial functional diversity and co-occurrence in reclaimed coal mining area is of great theoretical and practical importance for mining area reclamation and ecological reconstruction. This experiment was conducted in a reclaimed coal mining area of Shanxi Yuci Guanyao Yong’an Coal Industry Co., Ltd., with corn as the reclamation crop. Topsoil samples(0-20 cm) under eight treatments were collected after 1-year reclamation, namely, UL(untilled land), CK(reclamation without fertilization), PK(phosphorus and potassium fertilizer), NPK(chemical fertili-zer), NPKB(chemical fertilizer combined with phosphate solubilizing bacterial fertilizer), M(manure), MNPK(manure combined with chemical fertilizer), MNPKB(combined application of manure, chemical fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing bacterial fertilizer). Biolog Ecoplates technique and multivariate analyses were used to determine carbon source utilizing capability, functional diversity, and co-occurrence characteristics of soil microbial community. The results showed that carbon source utilizing capability of soil microbial community as well as their diversity and richness were significantly increased by fertilized reclamation. The reclamation effects of MNPK and NPK were strongest among all the treatments. Results from principal component analysis(PCA) and biclustering heatmap analysis collectively showed that carbon source utilization profiles of the insufficient fertilization group(UL, CK and PK) differed from the sufficient fertilization group(NPK, NPKB, M, MNPK and MNPKB), and those profiles of treatments within each group were similar. Soil microbial functional activity under sufficient fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that of insufficient fertilization treatments. Network analysis revealed that carbon source utilization by soil microorganisms in sufficient fertilization treatments harbored a stronger co-occurrence characteristics and a more complex network than in insufficient fertilization treatments. Our results indicated that fertilized reclamation played a positive role in improving functional diversity of soil microorganisms in coal mining area even in relative short term(1 year), and that sufficient fertilization treatments with equilibrated NPK doses were helpful to restore the complex and stable community structure of soil microorganisms. The combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer as well as chemical fertilizer application alone had the best reclamation effects, which had practical potential in reclamation of coal mining area.
作者
尚妍萌
张杰
孟会生
谢钧宇
郝鲜俊
孙大生
洪坚平
SHANG Yan-meng;ZHANG Jie;MENG Hui-sheng;XIE Jun-yu;HAO Xian-jun;SUN Da-sheng;HONG Jian-ping(College of Resources and Enuiroment,Shanai Agriculural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Environmental Monitoring Center,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期386-394,共9页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41907215)
山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018009)
山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ24)资助。
