摘要
在美国文化中,机器人概念经历了“自动机”(automaton)到“机器人”(robot),再到“赛博格”(cyborg)的变化,分别反映了美国相应时代的社会关切。“自动机”概念与传统哲学、宗教中人与机器关系的讨论密切相关,并传达了美国社会等级制度中的种族刻板印象。“机器人”概念最初反映了20世纪初美国社会日益严重的技术异化问题,但在美国消费主义的影响下,其形象由异化的工人转变为了当代科幻作品中流行的金属外观机器人。随着行为主义、控制论等科学理论的出现,以及社会生活的日益技术化,“赛博格”概念成为新的潮流,人与机器的界限开始走向模糊。
In American culture,the concept of the robot has undergone changes from“Automaton”to “Robot” and then to“Cyborg”,respectively mirroring the social concerns of American society in their time. The genre of“Automaton”is closely related to discussions of human-machine relations in traditional philosophy and religion and carries racial stereotypes across the American social hierarchy. The genre of “Robot”initially reflected the increasingly severe problem of technological alienation in American society at the beginning of the 20th century. Still,under the influence of American consumerism,its image was transformed from that of alienated workers to that of a metal appearance popular in contemporary science fiction. With the emergence of scientific theories such as behaviorism and cybernetics,as well as the increasing technicalization of social life,the genre of“Cyborg”became a new trend,eventually blurring the boundary between humans and machines.
作者
刘永谋
李尉博
Liu Yongmou;Li Weiho(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《科普创作评论》
2022年第4期19-28,共10页
Science Writing Review
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“现代技术治理理论问题研究”(21&ZD064)。
