摘要
为确定滴灌春玉米(Zea mays L.)各生育期适宜的土壤水分上、下限,从而为新疆玉米灌溉管理升级提供理论依据,以“太玉339”为试材,采用正交试验设计方法,在玉米拔节期、扬花-灌浆期、灌浆-完熟期分别设置3种水分上、下限(50%~80%FC、60%~90%FC、70%~100%FC,FC为田间持水量),共设9个处理(T_(1)~T_(9)),分析其对春玉米不同生育阶段的生长指标、产量、品质、水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:当玉米各生育期土壤水分保持在50%~80%FC时,其株高、地上干物质量、叶面积指数(LAI)和产量均显著减小,但会提高水分利用效率(WUE)。总体而言,T_(3)处理的产量最高,为17114.51 kg/hm^(2);T_(4)处理的WUE最高,为3.11 kg/m^(3);在灌浆-完熟期提高水分上、下限有利于增加玉米粗蛋白、粗脂肪及淀粉的含量,其中T_(3)处理该3个指标均为最高,分别为11.02、4.11、69.96 g/100g。以产量、干物质积累量、品质、WUE为指标,基于熵权法的综合评价表明T_(3)处理最优。综上所述,新疆北疆地区滴灌春玉米在拔节期、扬花-灌浆期、灌浆-完熟期适宜的土壤水分分别为50%~70%FC、70%~100%FC、70%~100%FC。
It is necessary to determine the appropriate upper and lower soil moisture limits for drip irrigated spring maize(Zea mays L.) at each growth stage to provide a theoretical basis for the upgrading of maize irrigation management in Xinjiang.Cultivar “Taiyu 339” was chosen as the test material,and three upper and lower limits of soil moisture(50%~80%FC,60%~90%FC,70%~100%FC,FC is the field capacity) were set at the jointing stage,flowering-filling stage and filling-maturity stage of maize respectively and nine treatments were established to analyze the effect of different moisture contents on the growth indicators,yield,quality and water use efficiency(WUE) of spring maize using the orthogonal experimental design method.The results showed that the plant height,aboveground dry matter mass,leaf area index(LAI) and yield decreased significantly when the soil moisture content was maintained at 50%~80% FC in each growth period,but water use efficiency increased.In general,the yield of T_(3) treatment was the highest,which was 17,114.51 kg/hm^(2);T_(4) treatment had the highest WUE,3.11 kg/m^(3).Furthermore,Increasing the upper and lower limits of soil moisture content during the filling-maturity period was beneficial to increasing the content of crude protein,crude fat and starch in maize,among which,the indexes of T_(3) treatment scored the highest,which were 11.02,4.11 and 69.96 g/100g,respectively.Taking yield,dry matter accumulation,quality and WUE as indicators,the comprehensive evaluation based on entropy weight method showed that T_(3) was the optimal treatment.In summary,the recommended appropriate soil moisture for drip irrigated spring maize in the northern Xijiang at the jointing stage,flowering-filling stage,and filling-maturity stage is 50%~70%FC,70%~100%FC,and 70%~100%FC,respectively.
作者
常浩
洪明
陈志卿
兰茜
高瑞
CHANG Hao;HONG Ming;CHEN Zhiqing;LAN Xi;GAO Rui(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Urumqi 830049,China)
出处
《水资源与水工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期207-215,共9页
Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2020A01003-2、2022B02011-1)
新疆水利科技专项资金项目(XSKJ-2022)
新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅创新项目(XJEDU2017T004)。
关键词
土壤水分上、下限
滴灌
春玉米
产量
品质
熵权法
北疆
upper and lower limits of soil moisture
drip irrigation
spring maize
yield
quality
entropy weight method
the northern Xinjiang
