摘要
湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统类型之一,具有空气净化、物种多样性保护、生态涵养等多种生态服务功能,是人类赖以生存和发展的自然资源宝库与生存环境。该文基于1990、2000、2010、2020年丰水期Landsat多光谱数据,通过光谱特征与实地查验,获得汉江流域湖北城市群30年间逐年湿地分布格局。结果显示:30年间区域湿地总面积增加11.99%,人工湿地面积逐年增加,面积共增加127.15%;沼泽湿地面积逐渐减小,共减少90.51%,河流湿地、湖泊湿地面积先减少后增加。湿地景观多样性与异质性降低,优势度升高,总体呈现整合化趋势;沼泽湿地的动态度最高达到0.48。受降水和地形地貌等自然影响因子的控制,下游湿地空间格局的变化占据整体变化的主要地位。30年间河流、湖泊湿地存在内部转化及与其他类型湿地的相互转换,总体相对平稳,而沼泽湿地则面临逐步退化甚至萎缩的趋势。湿地面积变化受人为与气候两方面因素影响,与国家及地区治理保护政策紧密相关。
Wetland is one of the most important ecosystem types on earth. It has a variety of ecological service functions such as air purification, species diversity protection and ecological conservation. It is a treasure house of natural resources and living environment for human survival and development. Based on Landsat multispectral data in wet seasons in 1990, 2000,2010 and 2020, through spectral characteristics and field inspection, the wetland distribution pattern of Hubei Urban Agglomeration in Hanjiang River Basin in the past 30 years was obtained. The results show that the total area of regional wetland has increased by 11.99% in the past 30 years, the area of constructed wetland has increased year by year, with a total increase of127.15%;the area of swamp wetland gradually decreased by 90.51%, and the area of river wetland and lake wetland first decreased and then increased. The diversity and heterogeneity of wetland landscape decreased, the dominance increased, and the overall trend was integration;the dynamic degree of swamp wetland is the highest,reaching 0.48. Controlled by natural impact factors such as precipitation and landform, the change of wetland spatial pattern in the downstream occupies the main position of the overall change. In the past 30 years, there has been internal transformation and mutual transformation with other types of wetlands in rivers and lakes, which is relatively stable on the whole, while swamp wetlands are facing the trend of gradual degradation or even shrinkage. The change of wetland area is affected by human and climate factors, and is closely related to national and regional governance and protection policies.
作者
曾冠中
汤宇磊
张伟
林治成
刘松杭
夏锐
康建坤
许佳琪
ZENG Guanzhong;TANG Yulei;ZHANG Wei;LIN Zhicheng;LIU Songhang;XIA Rui;KANG Jiankun;XU Jiaqi(Geophysical Survey Center of China Geological Survey,Langfang 065000,China;China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第11期81-89,共9页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
中国地质调查局项目资助(DD20208024)。
关键词
汉江流域
湖北城市群
湿地演化
时空格局
影响因子
Hanjiang River Basin
Hubei urban agglomeration
wetlands successions
spatiotemporal evolution
impact factors
