摘要
学界对魏晋时期是否存在专门的吏户争论激烈。从书写方式尤其走马楼吴简的户口统计方式看,孙吴图籍所载吏、兵数只能是户数而非口数;孙休永安元年诏书“五人,三人兼重为役”指的是丁男,吏户的法定义务是承担中央和地方各级官府机构的吏役,此外还有交纳限米、临时从军等杂使。这一时期的户籍按居地比邻原则编联,住在州县的吏户、兵户与郡县民混编著入黄籍是应有之义。就征发原则而言,吏户与兵户皆非阖家从役,现役者之外,其余丁男可从事他业甚至做官。无论兵户还是吏户都是国家正户,法律身分也是自由民,已往学界认为其法定身分低贱可能不符合事实。
There has been fierce debate in academic circles over the existence of special corvee households in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Based on the way the records were written, especially the Zoumalou bamboo slip household registration statistics of the Wu Kingdom, the numbers recorded on the Wu Kingdom’s territorial map and census register could only be the number of households rather than the number of corvee men and soldiers. According to the imperial edict issued in the fi rst year of the Yong’an era under the reign of Sun Xiu, Emperor Jing of Wu, “three are enlisted for corvee service in a family of fi ve persons.” Note that here “persons” meant men of military age. The legal obligation of the corvee households was to undertake corvee service for central and local government organizations at all levels. In addition, others were enlisted for miscellaneous tasks, such as payment of tax in the form of rice or temporary military service. During this period, household registration was organized according to principles of place of abode and neighborhood. So, it was natural that corvee households and soldier households living in the provinces and counties, and residents living in the commanderies and counties, were included in the yellow census register. With regards to the principle of enlisting, not all family members of corvee and soldier households were required to do service. Other than those in active service, the men in a family could do other things or even become offi cials. Both soldier and corvee households were offi cially registered with the legal status of free residents. Therefore, the previous theory in academic circles that their legal status was low may not refl ect the facts.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期179-202,M0007,M0008,共26页
Historical Research
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代户籍制度研究及数据库建设”(17ZDA174)阶段性成果。
