摘要
目的了解上海市郊区某镇2型糖尿病患者对糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)防治的认知、态度、行为状况并分析其相关因素。方法本研究为横断面调查,于2022年1月13—28日,采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取上海市闵行区华漕镇4个村或居委,分别在每个村中随机抽取65例2型糖尿病患者,共260例糖尿病患者为调查对象,收集其性别、年龄、身高、体重、教育程度、职业、锻炼或户外运动的频率、医疗费用来源、其他慢性病、直系亲属患病情况资料,采用问卷调查其对DR防治的认知、态度和行为,并采用单因素分析及多重逐步线性回归分析其相关因素。结果回收有效调查问卷260份,有效率100.0%。260例2型糖尿病患者的DR防治知晓率、防治态度积极率和防治行为执行率分别为25.38%(66例)、50.76%(132例)和14.61%(38例);其对DR的认知、态度和行为得分分别为(13.74±4.55)、(10.40±3.23)和(14.92±4.51)分。不同职业类别、不同锻炼或户外运动频率、是否患有慢性病、有无直系亲属患DR的患者的DR防治知识得分差异有统计学意义(F=5.03、8.77、5.08、32.37,均P<0.05);不同年龄、受教育程度、是否患有慢性病、有无直系亲属患DR的患者的DR防治态度得分差异有统计学意义(F=2.12、2.09、2.75、3.28,均P<0.05);不同年龄、不同锻炼或户外运动的频率、有无直系亲属患DR的患者的DR防治行为得分差异有统计学意义(F=2.30、2.70、3.11,均P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,高龄、受教育程度低、直系亲属无DR史的患者DR知识认知较差(t=2.83、2.46、6.24,均P<0.05),高龄、未患慢性病、相关知识认知不足者DR防治态度较差(t=3.70、3.42、6.03,均P<0.05),相关知识认知不足者DR防治行为较差(t=11.00,P<0.05)。结论上海市华漕镇2型糖尿病患者DR防治的认知、态度、行为均有待提升,对文化程度较低、合并其他慢性病的糖尿病患者需要重点加强健康教育,提高锻炼或户外运动频率,以预防DR的发生。
Objective To survey the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)among diabetic patients in Shanghai suburb,and to analyze the related influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey on KAP for diabetic retinopathy was conducted from January to January 2022,a total of 260 diabetic patients were selected from Huacao Town of Shanghai Minhang District by stratified cluster random sampling method as the investigation subjects.The gender,age,height,weight,education level,occupation,frequency of exercise or outdoor sports,medical insurance status,comorbid chronic diseases,diabetic retinopathy in direct relatives were documented;the KAP of diabetes retinopathy prevention and treatment was investigated by a self-designed questionnaire.The influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results A total of 260 valid questionnaires were received with a recovery rate of 100.0%.The survey showed that the knowledge awareness rate,attitude positive rate and behavior execution rate were 25.38%(66/260),50.76%(132/260)and 14.61%(38/260),respectively;scores of knowledge,attitude,behavior and medication compliance of the subjects were 13.74±4.55,10.40±3.23 and 14.92±4.51,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the knowledge was significantly related to occupations,frequency of exercise or outdoor exercise,chronic disease,direct relatives with DR(F=5.03,8.77,5.08,32.37,all P<0.05);the attitude was significantly related to age,education level,chronic disease,direct relatives with DR and awareness level of DR(F=2.12,2.09,2.75,3.28,all P<0.05);the behavior was significantly related to age,frequency of exercise or outdoor exercise,direct relatives with DR(F=2.30,2.70,3.11,all P<0.05).Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the knowledge awareness score was significantly associated with age,education levels,direct relatives with DR(t=2.83,2.46,6.24,all P<0.05),and the age,chronic disease,awareness score were significantly associated with the attitude toward DR prevention and treatment(t=3.70,3.42,6.03,all P<0.05).Patients with insufficient awareness had worse behavior of DR prevention and treatment(t=11.00,P<0.05).Conclusions The KAP status of DR prevention and treatment in diabetes patients in Huacao Town is less satisfactory.In order to prevent the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy,it is necessary to strengthen health education,improve self-management ability,enhance lifestyle intervention,and increase the frequency of exercise or outdoor exercise in diabetic patients.
作者
陈晨
刘帅
齐郑
Chen Chen;Liu Shuai;Qi Zheng(Huacao Community Health Service Center of Minhang District,Shanghai 201107,China)
出处
《中华全科医师杂志》
2023年第1期29-35,共7页
Chinese Journal of General Practitioners
基金
上海市闵行区卫生健康委员会科研项目(2020MW18)。
关键词
糖尿病
糖尿病视网膜病变
健康知识
态度
实践
问卷调查
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
Health knowledge,attitudes,practice
Questionnaire
