摘要
Ice-nucleating proteins(INPs)are the most effective ice-nucleating agents that play a significant role in preventing freeze injuries in freeze-tolerant organisms.INPs promote ice nucleation in the extracellular space,harvesting water from cells due to the low vapor pressure of ice compared with water,thereby protecting freeze-tolerant organisms from intracellular freezing.The antifreeze mechanism of INPs offers a unique opportunity to inhibit large-scale freezing by localized control of ice formation,with valuable enlightenment in anti-icing material sciences.By learning from nature,we transferred the excellent ice nucleation-facilitating capability of INPs along with an antifreeze concept of spatially controlled ice nucleation to anti-icing material design,fabricating icephobic coatings that consisted of patterned hydrogel-encapsulated INP(PHINP).The ice patterns were templated by patterned PHINPs via the tuning of ice nucleation so that the ice coverage fraction could be controlled by<30%on almost all PHINP-coated surfaces.Combining PHINP with solar-thermal conversion surfaces endowed the composite coatings with high anti-icing performances at any time of the day.
基金
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from The National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2020YFE0100300)
Chinese National Nature Science Foundation(grant nos.51925307,21733010,21875261,and 21805286)
National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFA0208502)
Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(grant no.ZDBS-LYSLH031)
the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.2018044).
