摘要
液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)浮式储存及再气化装置(Floating Storage and Regasification Unit,FSRU)建造过程兼具高技术和高风险,以其建造全流程事故致因与系统安全管理为研究对象,旨在探究FSRU建造中各环节的危险因素,开展针对性风险评估并提出过程安全管理措施,结合当前先进的安全管理技术应对FSRU建造全流程事故隐患。根据FSRU建设现场调研进行危险因素辨识,针对大型液货舱、闪蒸气(Boil-Off Gas,BOG)处理系统等模块涉及的立体交叉作业多、模块化责任分界模糊等新问题,提出全新的FSRU建造过程安全检查表(Safety Checklist Analysis,SCA)以规范现场作业。同时,采用预先危险性分析法(Preliminary Hazard Analysis,PHA)对FSRU建造过程开展全面的风险评估和危险等级划分。PHA结果显示FSRU全周期建造中所涉及吊装、动火焊接、受限空间施工和船体涂装作业环节中存在大型设备倒塌、危险物质火灾、爆炸的重大危险源,事故风险等级最高。基于此,进一步提出FSRU建造过程适配的安全管理措施与科学的管理技术(如建筑信息模型、数字孪生技术等),为解决新型海工装备制造产业涉及的安全管理问题提供参考。
Since Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)Floating Storage and Regasification Unit(FSRU)construction process is with both high technique and high risk,this work investigates the accident causation and system safety management of the whole construction process.This paper aims to explore the hazardous factors embedded in every aspect of the FSRU construction process,carry out a risk assessment on all aspects correspondingly,and further adopt reasonable safety management measures in the FSRU construction process.Besides,it is essential to combine the actual local scenario with relevant innovative management technologies,to effectively deal with potential accidents arising from the whole construction process.According to field investigation and the research of a FSRU construction project,this study attempts to identify the hazardous factors for an actual FSRU construction site.In terms of the large liquid cargo tank,boil-off gas(BOG)processing system,and other new equipment concerning many new problems of the interlace multi-operations,fuzzy modular responsibilities,etc.Based on them,this study proposes an improved safety checklist analysis(SCA)to regulate the on-site operations of the FSRU construction process.Moreover,this study adopts the preliminary hazard analysis(PHA)method to conduct a comprehensive and integrated risk assessment for the whole construction process of FSRU,and properly develop the classification of risk level for different aspects of the FSRU construction process.PHA result shows that the operations of lifting,hot work,and welding,work in confined space,painting on hull have the highest risk level of accidents,including the large equipment collapse,fire,and explosion during the FSRU construction process.Based on research results,this study proposes a set of adaptive safety management measures and scientific management technologies(such as building information modeling,digital twin)tailored for the whole construction process of FSRU,which can potentially provide a reference for solving upcoming safety management problems involved in the new offshore equipment manufacturing industry.
作者
汪侃
周明君
陈伟炯
张向宁
邢冀
WANG Kan;ZHOU Ming-jun;CHEN Wei-jiong;ZHANG Xiang-ning;XING Ji(College of Ocean Science and Engineering,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Merchant Marine,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;Division of Organization and Supervision,China National Petroleum Corporation,Beijing 100007,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期3180-3189,共10页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52001196)
中国交通教育研究会课题(JTYB20-60)
上海市软科学重点项目(20692193100)。
关键词
安全工程
浮式储存及再气化装置
安全管理
预先危险性分析
管理技术
safety engineering
Floating Storage and Regasification Unit(FSRU)
safety management
Preliminary Hazard analysis(PHA)
management technology
