摘要
江西是油茶核心产区之一,油茶资源丰富,但年产量不高。为摸清江西油茶低产成因,以2020年调查的江西省油茶资源相关数据为素材,对油茶资源分布现状、经营主体及其与地方经济的关系进行分析。结果表明,江西省油茶资源分布不均匀,占林业用地面积的比例2.78%~32.12%不等;不同地区高产油茶林占比差距较大,21.06%~71.24%不等,低产林问题较普遍,除新余、九江、鹰潭、抚州等地外,其余地区低产林占比均超过40%,盛产期林分低产现象严重,部分地区盛产期油茶低产林占比达70%以上。油茶种群年龄结构的衰退情况普遍,除景德镇、宜春、鹰潭外,其余地区大多为衰退型年龄结构。散户经营成本高、效益差,却为省内油茶最主要的经营方式,各地市均超过65%;合作社经营优势明显,能够发挥规模效应,但占比最低;企业、大户经营效益高但易导致低产林现象;经济水平高能够促进油茶产业,油茶产业也能推动经济发展。总体而言,江西油茶资源不平衡,存在油茶低产林普遍、年龄结构衰退、散户经营为主、规模经营不完善等问题。建议江西应加快良种更新进程,重视抚育管理,优化年龄结构,提倡合作社经营等,从而实现油茶产业高质量发展。
Jiangxi is one of the core producing areas of camellia oil.There are abundant camellia oil resources,but the annual output is not high.In order to find out the causes of low production of oil tea in Jiangxi Province,this paper takes the relevant data of oil tea resources in Jiangxi Province investigated in 2020 as the material to analyze the distribution status of oil tea resources,management subjects and the relationship between oil tea resources and local economy.The results showed that the distribution of oil tea resources in Jiangxi Province was not uniform,and the proportion of oil tea resources in forestry land area ranged from 2.78%to 32.12%.The proportion of oil-tea forest in high-yield forests in different regions varied greatly,ranging from 21.06%to 71.24%,and the problem of low-yield forests was common.Except for Xinyu,Jiujiang,Yingtan,Fuzhou and other places,the low-yield forests in other areas accounted for more than 40%,and the low-yield forest in the prime period was serious,and the low-yield forest in the prime period accounted for more than 70%in some areas.Except Jingdezhen,Yichun and Yingtan,the age structure of Camellia oleifera population was generally declining.Retail operation cost is high,the benefit is poor,but for the province′s oil tea is the most important way of operation,all the cities are more than 65%;cooperative operation has obvious advantages and can play the scale effect,but the proportion is the lowest;the operation efficiency of enterprises and large households is high,but it is easy to lead to the phenomenon of low-yield forest;high economic level can promote oil tea industry,oil tea industry can also promote economic development.In general,Jiangxi Camellia resources are not balanced,Camellia low-yielding forests are common,age structure is declining,retail management is dominated,scale management is not perfect and so on.It is suggested that Jiangxi should speed up the updating process of improved varieties,pay attention to the management of rearing,optimize the age structure and advocate the cooperative operation,so as to realize the high-quality development of oil tea industry.
作者
刘健
龙蔚
陈苏徽
金晓鹏
胡冬南
LIU Jian;LONG Wei;CHEN Suhui;JIN Xiaope ng;HU Dongnan(College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Institute of Forest Eco-Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Forestry Sciences,Nanchang 330032,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology Promotion and Education Center,Nanchang 330038,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《福建林业科技》
2022年第4期113-119,共7页
Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology
基金
江西省林业科技创新油茶专项(YCYJZX20220102)。
关键词
油茶
林分质量
经营规模
Camellia oleifera Abel.
stand quality
management scale
