摘要
水土流失监测评价可为防治水土流失灾害、开展区域水土保持规划和生态环境建设提供科学依据。基于CSLE模型,采用遥感分析、野外调查、模型计算的方法,结合SL 190—2007《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》等技术标准,分析了云南省九大高原湖泊流域水土流失因子及特征。2021年水土流失面积1306.92 km 2,占土地总面积的16.67%。从土地利用类型方面,水土流失面积主要分布在林地和耕地,分别占九湖流域水土流失面积的35.69%和31.60%,主要以轻度侵蚀为主;极强烈和剧烈侵蚀面积主要分布在耕地中,占九湖流域极强烈和剧烈侵蚀面积的82.85%。九大高原湖泊流域内,影响耕地和建设用地水土流失的主控因子是坡度;而影响园地、林地和草地水土流失的主控因子则为植被覆盖度和坡度。根据九湖流域的水土流失特点,针对林地需建设以水土保持林、水源涵养林为主的植被体系,加强远山封育保护等措施;对耕地进行以坡耕地整治为主的水土流失综合治理。研究通过获取九湖流域的水土流失空间分布特征,掌握流域内主要发生水土流失的土地利用类型,为水土流失综合治理提供支撑。
Soil and water erosion monitoring and evaluation can provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling soil and water erosion disasters and conducting regional soil and water conservation planning and ecological environment construction.On the basis of the CSLE model,the factors and characteristics of soil and water erosion in nine plateau lake basins in Yunnan Province are analyzed by means of remote sensing analysis,field investigation,model calculation,and technical standards such as Standards for Classification and Gradation of Soil Erosion(SL 190—2007).In 2021,the water and soil erosion area was 1306.92 km 2,accounting for 16.67%of the total land area.In terms of land use type,the water and soil erosion area was mainly distributed in forest land and cultivated land,which accounted for 35.69%and 31.60%of the water and soil erosion area in the nine basins,respectively,with light erosion as the main form.The area with intense and extremely intense erosion mainly focused on the cultivated land,accounting for 82.85%of that in the nine basins.In the nine plateau lake basins,the main controlling factor affecting water and soil erosion of cultivated land and construction land is slope,while the main controlling factors affecting soil and water erosion in gardens,forest land,and grassland are vegetation coverage and slope.According to the characteristics of soil and water erosion in the nine basins,the forest land needs to be protected and equipped with a vegetation system dominated by soil and water conservation forests and water conservation forests,and measures such as enclosure and protection of distant mountains should be strengthened.The cultivated land,especially the sloping land,shall be comprehensively controlled in terms of soil and water erosion.By obtaining the spatial distribution characteristics of water and soil erosion in the nine basins,the study can grasp the land use types with water and soil erosion occurring frequently in the basins and provide support for the comprehensive management of water and soil erosion.
作者
王娟
刘晓林
金平伟
史燕东
周瑞鹏
吴镇宇
张楚然
黄海容
WANG Juan;LIU Xiaolin;JIN Pingwei;SHI Yandong;ZHOU Ruipeng;WU Zhenyu;ZHANG Churan;HUANG Hairong(Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin,Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou 510611,China;Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou 510611,China)
出处
《人民珠江》
2022年第12期19-27,共9页
Pearl River
基金
广东省水利科技创新项目(2020-25)
贵州省水利科技创新项目(KJ202004)。
