摘要
居住权的设立是规范的重心所在。以合同方式设立居住权,原则上须以书面形式,而遵循私法自治和诚信原则,将合同形式瑕疵的补正与合同主要义务的履行、当事人的“自认”相互联系,宜对口头形式设立居住权的成立予以肯定性评价。从制度目的和功能视角出发,法人、非法人组织等不能作为居住权人,居住权的受益主体除了居住权人外,应包括其家人和其他需要共同居住者。就能为他人提供固定、长期、连续和全面居住的商住两用房、酒店或农村民宿而言,宜扩大解释而认定其为居住权意义上的“住宅”。他人享有使用权的住宅或部分住宅均可以设立居住权,居住权人的权利当然及于满足其生活居住必须的住宅附属设施。当事人双方应协同配合申请居住权登记,居住权自登记时设立,然而居住权登记与否和居住权合同效力无关。以遗嘱继承和遗赠形式设立居住权的,则需要通过解释论对“参照适用”规则进行释明和规范化续造。遵照意思自治,作为遗产的特定住宅无论归属于谁,居住权都得以设立;“参照适用本章的有关规定”,以遗嘱继承形式设立居住权采宣示主义,未经登记的仍然得以设立,登记则是其得以对抗善意第三人的要件;以遗赠形式设立居住权则采登记生效主义。
The establishment of the right of habitation is the normative focus.If the right of habitation is established by means of contract,the contract shall be in writing in principle,but in accordance with the principles of autonomy in the private law and good faith,by connecting the correction of the defects in the form of contract with the performance of the main obligations of the contract and the self-admission of the parties,it is appropriate to make a positive evaluation on the establishment of the right of habitation by means of oral contract.From the perspective of systemic aim and function,legal person and non-legal person organization,etc.can not serve as the holder of right of habitation,the beneficiary of right of habitation should include the family members and other people who need to live together besides the holder of right of habitation.As for the dual-use housing for business and habitation,hotels or rural accommodation(BNB)which provides fixed,long-term,continuous and comprehensive accommodation for others should be deemed as"housing"in the sense of the right of habitation.The right of habitation may be established on a housing or part of a housing which other people enjoys the right to use,and the right enjoyed by the holder of right of habitation certainly extends to auxiliary facilities necessary for the holder's habitation.Both parties should cooperate in the application for the registration of the right of habitation.The right of habitation is established at the time of registration,but such registration has nothing to do with the validity of the contract of the right of habitation.If the right of habitation is established in the form of testamentary succession and bequest,it is necessary to explain and further develop through normalization the rule of"application by analogy"through the theory of interpretation.According to the autonomy of the will,the right of habitation is established no matter whom such specific housing as the inheritance belongs to;according to"relevant regulations of this Chapter being applied analogically",the doctrine of announcement is applied to the establishment of right of habit in the form of testamentary succession,which means that the unregistered right of habitation is still established and the registration is the essential element for the holder of right of habitation to defend against bona fide third parties,while the doctrine of effectiveness upon registration is applied to the establishment of the right of habitation in the form of bequest.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期145-156,共12页
Political Science and Law
关键词
居住权
合同
遗嘱继承
遗赠
登记
Right of Habitation
Contract
Testamentary Succession
Bequest
Registration
