摘要
文章采用中国劳动力动态调查数据,基于个体选择的微观机制,考察了出生地规模对个体收入的时间效应、空间异化效应、代际传递效应和迁移效应;从出生地规模这一独特的视角,解释了收入差距持久性的成因。研究发现:出生地作为个体的初始禀赋对个体未来收入存在显著影响,出生地规模越大,个体的未来收入越高;这一效应伴随个体在出生地的成长时长增强,并依据不同城市的特征产生空间异化效应。另外,出生地规模不仅影响了个体的未来收入,也对个体的迁移行为产生了显著的影响;而个体的迁移选择又进一步引起了城市规模分化。具体而言,出生地城市规模越大的个体迁移概率越大,且出生地城市规模越大的个体越趋向迁移到比出生地规模更大的城市;而迁移个体的迁移次数越多,出生地规模的收入效应越强。基于上述出生地规模对收入的正向促进作用和迁移效应,家庭效用最大化的个体将趋于迁往规模更大的城市,这将引起城市规模分化加剧。文章证实了初始禀赋对个体收入影响的长期性和持续性,并为城市规模和个体收入的相关研究提供了新的视角。
Based on the micro mechanism of individual selection, this paper uses the Chinese Labor Dynamics Survey to investigate the effect of birthplace scale on income gap and urban size differentiation from the following four perspectives of “time effect”, “spatial alienation effect”, “intergenerational transmission effect” and “migration effect”. The results show that: The scale of birth place as an individual’s initial endowment has a significant impact on the individual’s future income, the larger the birth place size, the higher the individual’s future income. In addition, this effect increases with the growth time of the individual in the place of birth and varies with the spatial alienation effect according to the characteristics of different cities. Furthermore, the scale of birthplace not only affects the future income of individuals, but also has a significant impact on individual migration behavior, and the individual migration choice further enlarges the differentiation of city scale. Specifically, the larger the size of birthplace city, the greater the migration probability of individuals, and the larger the size of birthplace city, the more likely the individuals are to migrate to a larger city than the size of birthplace. Also, the more times of migrations with respect to migrating individuals, the stronger the effect of birthplace scale on income. So based on the positive effect of birth place size on individuals’ future income and the additional income effect brought by migration efforts, individuals with maximized family utility tend to move to larger cities, which will lead to the intensification of urban size differentiation. This paper confirms the long-term and persistent effect of initial endowment on individual income and provides a new perspective for the study of urban size and individual income.
作者
杨扬
余壮雄
冯柏睿
Yang Yang;Yu Zhuangxiong;Feng Bairui
出处
《南方经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期109-127,共19页
South China Journal of Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金一般项目《基于监督机器学习的Rubin因果范式研究:模型构建与设定检验》(72073039)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(19JNKY04)。
关键词
出生地规模
收入差距
城市规模分化
人口迁移
代际传递
Birthplace Scale
Income Gap
Urban Differentiation
Population Migration
Intergenerational Transmission
