摘要
近年来,我国的高层建筑群数量不断增加,电梯作为高层建筑中的一部分,故障发生率正呈上升趋势。为了确保电梯运行安全,根据电梯电气安全回路的结构组成及工作原理,介绍了电位差比较法、分段电压数值测量法和脉冲反射定位法3种常见的电气安全回路故障检测法,总结了电气安全回路存在的安全回路错接、安全回路短接、安全开关接触不良、受外界电磁干扰及电气元件故障等常见失效形式。并结合实际检验案例,分析了两起电气回路故障,一起是由于接线错误导致旁路状态紧急电动运行时,底坑内安全回路开关处于全部被短接的状态,安全回路保护功能失效;另一起是由于电线异常缠绕,导致安全回路被短接,造成部分电气开关动作时电梯安全回路仍然处于接通状态,电梯依然可以正常运行,安全回路保护功能失效。通过对检验案例的分析,为后期检验工作的开展提供参考。
In recent years,the number of high-rise buildings in China is increasing.As a part of high-rise buildings,the failure rate of elevator is on the rise.In order to ensure the safety of elevator operation,according to the structural composition and working principle of elevator electrical safety circuit,three common electrical safety circuit fault detection methods of potential difference comparison method,segmented voltage numerical measurement method and pulse reflection positioning method were introduced.The common failure modes of electrical safety circuit,such as wrong connection of safety circuit,short circuit of safety circuit,poor contact of safety switch,external electromagnetic interference and electrical component failure,were summarized.Combined with the actual test cases,two electrical circuit faults were analyzed.One was that when the bypass state was in emergency electric operation due to the wrong wiring,the safety circuit switches in the pit were all in the state of short circuit,and the safety circuit protection function failed.Second,due to the abnormal winding of wires,the safety circuit was short circuited,resulting in that the safety circuit of the elevator was still connected when some electrical switches act,the elevator could still operate normally,and the protection function of the safety circuit was invalid.The analysis of inspection cases provides reference for the later inspection work.
作者
俞伦信
Yu Lunxin(Quanzhou Branch,Fujian Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China)
出处
《机电工程技术》
2022年第10期271-273,共3页
Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology
关键词
电梯
安全回路
故障
检测分析
elevator
safety circuit
fault
detection and analysis
