摘要
民政部提出“通过建立乡镇(街道)社工站,增强基层民政服务能力,打通为民服务最后一米,探索解决基层民政服务能力不足的可行路径”,这是我国促进基层治理创新的一项重要举措。各地积极响应民政部的号召,根据各地现实情况制定社工站建设标准。根据《民政部办公厅关于加快乡镇(街道)社工站建设的通知》文件文本内容进行编码,借助基层社会治理创新视角和政策创新—扩散分析框架,采用ATLAS.ti 9软件对各地已正式出台的最新社工站政策创新与扩散机制进行分析。研究发现:社工站建设的内在动力是基层社会治理创新的内在驱动,体现在基层社会治理能力提升下的倒逼机制、社会主要矛盾变迁下民众需求升级的引导机制,以及条块政府下“结对竞赛”的驱动机制;同时,社工站政策在扩散过程中不断地进行自我适应和调整,地方政府通过强制机制、学习机制、竞争机制、社会化机制及托底机制予以扩散。在基层社会治理创新的背景下,乡镇(街道)社工站既是国家强制制度变迁推动下的结果,也是地方政府在应对基层社会治理议题时的重要创新机制。
The Ministry of Civil Affairs proposed that“through the establishment of township(street)social work stations,enhance the ability of grass-roots civil affairs services,open up the last meter of service for the people,and explore feasible paths to solve the shortage of grass-roots civil affairs service capabilities”,which is an important measure to promote the innovation of grass-roots governance in China.All provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government actively respond to the call of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and formulate standards for the construction of social work stations according to the actual situation in various places.This paper is encoded according to the text content of the“Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Accelerating the Construction of Township(Street)Social Work Stations”,and with the help of the grass-roots social governance innovation perspective and the policy innovation-diffusion analysis framework,the ATLAS.ti 9 software is used to analyze the latest social work station policy innovation and diffusion mechanism that has been officially introduced in various provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government.The study found that the internal driving force of the construction of social work stations is the internal driving force of grass-roots social governance innovation,which is reflected in the reversed transmission mechanism under the improvement of grass-roots social governance capabilities,the guidance mechanism for the upgrading of people’s needs under the change of the main contradictions in society,and the driving mechanism of“pairing competition”under the block government;At the same time,the policy of social work stations has continuously adapted and adjusted itself in the process of diffusion,and local governments have diffused through compulsory mechanisms,learning mechanisms,competition mechanisms,socialization mechanisms and support mechanisms.In the context of grassroots social governance innovation,township(street)social work stations are not only the result of the change of the national compulsory system,but also an important innovation mechanism for local governments to deal with grassroots social governance issues.
作者
徐选国
王曼曼
韩旭冬
XU Xuanguo;WANG Manman;HAN Xudong(School of Social and Public Administration,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,200237,China;East China University of Science and Technology Press,Shanghai,200237,China)
出处
《社会工作与管理》
2022年第6期23-40,共18页
Social Work and Management
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“精准扶贫背景下社会工作驱动乡村社会有效治理的路径与模式创新研究”(19BSH175)
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国特色的发展型社会工作理论研究”(21BSH131)。
关键词
乡镇(街道)社工站
基层社会治理创新
政策创新机制
政策扩散机制
township(street)social work station
innovation in grassroots social governance
policy innovation mechanism
policy diffusion mechanism
