摘要
目的分析深圳市2015—2020年放射工作人员上岗前职业健康检查染色体畸变率与微核率的水平及其分布特征,为加强放射工作人员辐射防护和职业健康管理提供科学依据。方法选取2015—2020年在深圳市职业病防治院接受上岗前职业健康检查的2777名放射工作人员开展横断面研究,其中男性2210名、女性567名,年龄17~69(27.6±6.8)岁,将受检者按年龄分为5组:17~20岁、21~30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁、51~69岁。采用全血微量培养法制备受检者的淋巴细胞微核和染色体,应用全自动染色体扫描分析系统对每名受检者的100个淋巴细胞染色体中期分裂相进行分析,统计双着丝粒体、着丝粒环和无着丝粒体等染色体畸变类型,比较不同年龄组以及同年龄组不同性别受检者染色体畸变情况和微核情况的差异。计量资料的组间比较采用方差分析;染色体畸变和微核的分布服从泊松分布,采用非参数检验,2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。受检者年龄与染色体畸变率、微核率的相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果2777名受检者的染色体畸变(双着丝粒体+着丝粒环+无着丝粒体)率为(0.072±0.005)%、双着丝粒体+着丝粒环畸变率为(0.016±0.002)%、染色体畸变细胞率为(0.068±0.005)%、微核率为(0.43±0.01)‰、微核细胞率为(0.40±0.01)‰、淋巴细胞转化率为(85.07±3.16)%。各年龄组间染色体畸变率、双着丝粒体+着丝粒环畸变率、染色体畸变细胞率以及各年龄组不同性别受检者的染色体畸变率、染色体畸变细胞率间的差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.193、0.931、0.691,Z=−0.929~−0.059,均P>0.05)。与17~20岁年龄组相比,其余各年龄组受检者的微核率、微核细胞率均较高,淋巴细胞转化率均较低,且差异均有统计学意义(Z=−6.981~−2.510,F=4.922~52.860,均P<0.05);受检者的微核率和微核细胞率均与年龄呈正相关(r=0.166、0.168,均P<0.001),而淋巴细胞转化率与年龄呈负相关(r=−0.197,P<0.001);21~30岁年龄组、31~40岁年龄组女性受检者的微核率、微核细胞率以及17~20岁年龄组、21~30岁年龄组女性受检者的淋巴细胞转化率均显著高于同年龄组的男性受检者,且差异均有统计学意义(Z=−4.826~−3.516,F=6.947、14.563,均P<0.01)。结论深圳市2015—2020年放射工作人员上岗前职业健康检查染色体畸变率与微核率均未超过国内文献报道的健康人群的本底水平范围,但有随年龄增大而升高的趋势,需加强放射工作人员的辐射防护与职业健康管理。
Objective To analyze the level and distribution characteristics of chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate in the pre-job occupational health examination of radiation workers in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2020 and to provide scientific basis for strengthening the radiation protection and occupational health management among radiation workers.Methods A crosssectional study was conducted among 2777 radiation workers who received pre-job occupational health examinations in the Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease from 2015 to 2020,including 2210 males and 567 females with age range of 17–69(27.6±6.8)years.The subjects were divided into five groups by age(17–20,21–30,31–40,41–50,and 51–69 years old).The lymphocyte micronuclei and chromosomes of the subjects were prepared by whole-blood microculture method.Chromosomal aberrations,including dicentric,rings,and acentric segments,in the chromosomal metaphases of 100 lymphocytes of each subject were scored by the automatic chromosome analysis system.The differences in chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were compared between different age groups and subjects of different genders in the same age group.The measurement data that conformed to the normal distribution were compared between groups by analysis of variance.The distribution of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei obeyed the Poisson distribution,and nonparametric test was used.Comparison between two groups was performed using Mann-Whitney U test,and comparison between multiple groups was performed using Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between subjects'age and chromosome aberration and micronucleus rates.Results The chromosome aberration(dicentric+ring+acentric segment)rate of 2777 subjects was(0.072±0.005)%,and the dicentric+ring aberration rate was(0.016±0.002)%,the chromosome aberration cell rate was(0.068±0.005)%,the micronucleus rate was(0.43±0.01)‰,the micronucleated cell rate was(0.40±0.01)‰,and the lymphocyte transformation rate was(85.07±3.16)%.All of the above results were within the background level range of healthy people reported in domestic literature.No statistical difference was found in the chromosome aberration rate,dicentric+ring aberration rate,and chromosome aberration cell rate among different age groups,as well as the chromosome aberration rate and chromosome aberration cell rate among different genders in each age group(χ^(2)=1.193,0.931,0.691;Z=−0.929 to−0.059;all P>0.05).Compared with the 17–20-year-old age group,the micronucleus rate and micronucleated cell rate of the subjects in the other age groups were higher,and the lymphocyte transformation rate was lower,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=−6.981 to−2.510,F=4.922–52.860,all P<0.05).The micronuclei rate and micronucleated cell rate of the subjects were positively correlated with age(r=0.166,0.168;both P<0.001),whereas the lymphocyte transformation rate was negatively correlated with age(r=−0.197,P<0.001).The micronuclei rate,micronucleated cell rate,and lymphocyte transformation rate of female subjects in the 17–20-and 21–30-year-old age groups was significantly higher than those of the male subjects in the same age group,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=−4.826 to−3.516;F=6.947,14.563;all P<0.01).Conclusions The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate in the pre-job occupational health examination of radiation workers in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2020 did not exceed the background level range of healthy people reported in domestic literature,but they tended to increase with age.The results of this study suggested that attention should be paid to strengthening the radiation protection and occupational health management of radiation workers.
作者
李丽梅
高朝贤
惠长野
杨学琴
陈钰婷
沙焱
易娟
Li Limei;Gao Chaoxian;Hui Changye;Yang Xueqin;Chen Yuting;Sha Yan;Yi Juan(Department of Pathology&Toxicology,Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shenzhen 518020,China)
出处
《国际放射医学核医学杂志》
2022年第8期471-477,共7页
International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine
基金
广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515010358)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2020147)
深圳市医学重点学科(2020—2024年)建设经费项目(SZXK068)。
关键词
体格检查
染色体畸变
微核
染色体不完整
淋巴细胞活化
放射工作人员
Physical examination
Chromosome aberrations
Micronuclei,chromosomedefective
Lymphocyte activation
Radiation workers
