摘要
无底柱分段崩落法生产安全、开采强度大、效率高、回采工艺简单,在地下开采中占有较大比重。但损失贫化大的问题限制了该方法在贵重金属矿山的应用,也是众多学者研究的热点。总结了无底柱分段崩落法60 a的发展历程,并从放矿理论、采场结构参数、放矿方式和巷道布置形式、覆盖层块度4个方面系统总结了控制损失与贫化的研究现状,指出目前仍存在的研究问题为:放矿理论中仅考虑散体的流动特性,爆破块度、放矿口尺寸、边孔角、铲装深度等因素未在放矿理论中综合考虑,从而造成依据放出体形态确定的采场结构参数并非最优值;实际生产中并未严格按照低贫化放矿方式作业,回采巷道布置形式不能完全适应矿体产状变化,部分矿山覆盖层形成方法不利于损失贫化控制。针对这些问题,提出了进一步控制无底柱分段崩落法损失贫化的研究方向和措施,对于矿山进一步控制损失贫化指标具有一定的理论指导意义。
It is safe in production,have high mining intensity,high efficiency and a simple recovery process in non-pillar sublevel caving,which occupies a large proportion in underground mining.However,the problem of large loss and dilution limit the application of this method in precious metal mines,which is a research hotspot of many scholars.This study summarizes the 60 year development process of non-pillar sublevel caving method,and systematically summarizes the study status of control loss and dilution from the four aspects,including ore drawing theory,stope structure parameters,ore drawing method and roadway layout form,and overburden layer.Only the flowing characteristics of granular is considered in the ore drawing theory,and the factors such as blasting block size,ore drawing port size,side hole angle,and shovel depth are not included in the ore drawing theory.The stope structure parameters determined according to the shape of ore drawing of drawing theory,which cause stope structure parameters are not optimal parameters.In actual production,the low-dilution ore drawing method is not strictly followed,and the layout of the mining roadway cannot fully adapt to the changes in the shovel loading of the ore body,and the formation method of overburden layer is not conducive to loss dilution control in some mines.In view of these problems,the study direction and measures to further control the non-pillar caving method are put forward,which has theoretical guiding significance for the production mine to further control the loss and dilution indexes.
作者
何荣兴
陈丽媛
任凤玉
HE Rongxing;CHEN Liyuan;REN Fengyu(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Miaogou Iron Mine of HBIS Minging Co.,Ltd.,Qinhuangdao 066501,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第11期1-9,共9页
Metal Mine
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2020YFC1909801)
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(编号:2021-MS-096)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(编号:N2101024)。
关键词
无底柱分段崩落法
损失与贫化
结构参数
覆盖层
non-pillar sublevel caving
loss and dilution
structure parameter
overburden layer
