摘要
研究了浮沉子在增压条件下发生的不可逆下沉现象,发现浮沉子在液体中存在不稳定平衡的临界位置.从受力的角度解释,浮沉子完全浸没时无法依靠增大气体的体积来增大浮力;从势能的角度解释,临界位置是浮沉子的不稳定平衡点,改变压强会导致不可逆平衡点改变,出现不可逆下沉现象.实验研究了浮沉子不可逆下沉的临界深度与浮沉子未置入水中时的气柱长度、液体的密度、试管的外径与内径之比以及总长度之间的关系,并对实验现象给出了直观的解释.
The phenomenon of irreversible sinking of the Cartesian diver under pressurized conditions was studied.The critical position of unstable equilibrium was found existed in liquid.From the point of view of force,it was impossible to increase the buoyancy by increasing the gas volume when Cartesian diver was completely immersed.From the point of view of potential energy,the critical position was the very unstable equilibrium point.The irreversible equilibrium point would change with the changing the pressure,resulting in the irreversible sinking.The relationships between the critical depth of the irreversible sinking and the length of the air column,the liquid density,the ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter of the test tube and the total length of the tube were studied experimentally,and the intuitive explanation of the experimental phenomenon was given.
作者
欧阳严严
陈靖
陈宗强
孔勇发
OU-YANG Yan-yan;CHEN Jing;CHEN Zong-qiang;KONG Yong-fa(School of Physics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《物理实验》
2022年第11期27-31,36,共6页
Physics Experimentation
基金
教育部高等学校大学物理课程教学指导委员会教学研究项目资助(No.DWJZW202107hb,No.DWJZW202209hb)
教育部产学合作协同育人项目资助(No.202002091038)
南开大学教学改革项目资助。
关键词
浮沉子
不可逆下沉
临界深度
IYPT
Cartesian diver
irreversible sinking
critical depth
IYPT
