摘要
兔狲(Otocolobus manul)、藏狐(Vulpes ferrilata)和赤狐(V.vulpes)是青藏高原三江源区域分布的重要小型食肉兽。本研究于2014年6月至2019年9月在青海省长江源区沱沱河和通天河沿岸选取208个位点布设红外相机,通过所获取的时空分布数据比较了上述3种同域分布小型食肉兽的时空利用情况。通过空间重叠度系数的比较分析,兔狲和藏狐、兔狲和赤狐以及藏狐和赤狐之间的空间重叠度系数分别为0.25、0.48和0.17,这表明兔狲、藏狐和赤狐三者在空间利用上存在一定的差异。通过核密度估计方法分析,兔狲和藏狐属典型的昼行性动物,而赤狐以夜行性活动为主。兔狲、藏狐和赤狐每个物种在冷暖两季的日活动节律重叠指数分别为0.83、0.78和0.88。两两比较分析表明,兔狲和藏狐二者的日活动节律重叠指数最高(0.84),兔狲和赤狐在夜间活动时段存在一定重叠(0.63),而藏狐和赤狐的时间生态位分化最明显,重叠指数最低(0.48)。此外,在暖季,两两物种之间的日活动节律重叠指数均小于其冷季的重叠指数。综上所述,长江源区兔狲、藏狐和赤狐3种小型食肉兽可通过空间和时间资源的利用差异来降低物种间的干扰和竞争,从而达到同域物种共存的目的。
Aim:Pallas’s cat(Otocolobus manul),Tibetan fox(Vulpes ferrilata)and red fox(V.vulpes)are small sympatric carnivores inhabiting the Sanjiangyuan region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The spatiotemporal overlaps between these species were analyzed in this study.Methods:From June 2014 to September 2019,we set up 208 infrared cameras along the Tuotuo River and the Tongtian River in the source region of the Yangtze River to collect the daily activity rhythm and spatial distribution data of three carnivores.The spatial overlap coefficient was used to evaluate spatial niche differentiation and the kernel density estimation method was utilized to evaluate daily activity rhythm.Then,the overlap coefficient of rhythms was applied to analyze the temporal niche differentiation among the three carnivores.Results:The spatial overlap coefficients between Pallas’s cat and Tibetan fox,Pallas’s cat and red fox,and Tibetan fox and red fox were 0.25,0.48 and 0.17,respectively.This indicated that there were differences in space utilization among the three carnivores.The results of daily activity rhythm demonstrated that Pallas’s cats and Tibetan foxes displayed diurnal behavioral patterns and red foxes were primarily nocturnal.The overlap coefficients of daily activity rhythms of Pallas’s cats,Tibetan foxes,and red foxes between the cold and warm seasons were 0.83,0.78 and 0.88,respectively.Between any two species,the highest overlap coefficient(0.84)of daily activity rhythm was between the Pallas’s cats and Tibetan foxes,and the lowest overlap coefficient(0.48)was between the Tibetan foxes and red foxes.A lower coefficient meant more significant temporal niche differentiation.Additionally,the overlap coefficients of daily activity rhythm between the two species were smaller in the warm season than those in the cold season.Conclusion:In the source region of the Yangtze River,the three small sympatric carnivores could reduce interference and competition through spatial or/and temporal niche differentiation and thus achieve coexistence.
作者
王东
赛青高娃
王子涵
赵宏秀
连新明
Dong Wang;Qinggaowa Sai;Zihan Wang;Hongxiu Zhao;Xinming Lian(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810008;College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016)
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期119-128,共10页
Biodiversity Science
基金
生态环境部生物多样性保护专项(201104,2018-02-06-M2019-62)
中国科学院“西部之光”青年学者A类项目
中国科学院和青海省人民政府联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-01-12)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507404)
三江源国家公园雪豹及栖息地保护项目。
关键词
长江源区
兔狲
藏狐
赤狐
红外相机
时空重叠度
资源利用差异
the source region of the Yangtze River
Pallas’s cat
Tibetan fox
red fox
infrared camera
spatiotemporal overlap
difference in resource utilization
