摘要
为了解近20年来保安湖菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)种群的变化特征及其对水环境的影响,研究以保安湖最大的湖区,即主体湖为研究对象,分季节对其沉水植物种类组成、生物量及水深(Z_(M))、透明度(Z_(SD))、水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和浮游藻类叶绿素a(Chl.a)等环境指标进行了监测,并分析了菹草在不同生活史阶段对环境影响的差异。结果表明:(1)2002年春季菹草生物量(B^(P.c))均值为356 g/m^(2),2012年上升至974 g/m^(2),2019年为1901 g/m^(2),菹草种群分布范围由中部扩展至整个湖区;(2)在春季菹草快速生长时,B^(P.c)与Z_(M)(Z_(M)≤3 m)呈显著正相关(r=0.52,P<0.01),与Chl.a呈显著负相关(r=–0.42,P<0.01),与Z_(SD)、Z_(SD)/Z_(M)、TN、TP无相关关系;有草区的Z_(M)(中位数为2.1 m)、Z_(SD)(中位数为0.93 m)和Z_(SD)/Z_(M)(中位数为0.48)显著高于无草区(1.8 m、0.45 m和0.28;P<0.05),有草区的Chl.a(中位数为8.13μg/L)显著低于无草区(14.10μg/L;P<0.05);有草区的Chl.a和TP的关系不明显,无草区的Chl.a的含量随TP上升而增加,且在相同TP条件下,无草区Chl.a多数高于有草区;(3)在夏季菹草衰亡后,夏季Z_(SD)/Z_(M)与B^(P.c)呈显著负相关(r=–0.47,P<0.01),Z_(SD)、TN、TP、Chl.a与B^(P.c)无相关关系;无草区TN(中位数为1.30 mg/L)显著高于有草区(0.72 mg/L;P<0.05);有草区和无草区的Chl.a均随TP的上升而增加,在相同TP条件下,无草区Chl.a和有草区差异不显著。以上结果表明近20年来保安湖菹草种群生物量呈上升趋势,分布范围也在不断增加。在快速生长期(春季),大量菹草的存在有利于水质的改善。在菹草衰亡(春末夏初)后,其对水质产生的不利效应未持续整个夏季。
In order to understand the changes of Potamogeton crispus population and the impacts on the water quality of Bao’an Lake in recent two decades,Zhuti Lake,the largest lake area of Bao’an Lake,was seasonally investigated,and the environmental effect of P.crispus in its different life history stages was explored.Various parameters including the species composition and biomass of submerged macrophytes,the water depth(Z_(M)),transparency(Z_(SD)),total ni-trogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),phytoplankton chlorophyll a(Chl.a)in Zhuti Lake were monitorted,as well as seve-ral other environmental variables.The results showed that:(1)The average spring biomass of P.crispus was 356 g/m^(2) in 2002,increased to 974 g/m^(2) in 2012,1901 g/m^(2) in 2019,and the P.crispus population expanded from the middle to the whole lake area in recent 20 years;(2)In the rapid-growth season(spring),the biomass of P.crispus was signifi-cantly positively correlated with the spring Z_(M)(Z_(M)≤3 m)(r=0.52,P<0.01),and significantly negatively correlated with the Chl.a(r=-0.42,P<0.01),while not statistically correlated with Z_(SD),Z_(SD)/Z_(M),TN or TP.The Z_(M)(median:2.1 m),Z_(SD)(median:0.93 m),Z_(SD)/Z_(M)(median:0.48)were significantly higher in the areas with macrophyte than without(1.8 m,0.45 m,and 0.28,respectively)(P<0.05),and the Chl.a(median:8.13μg/L)was significantly lower in the areas with macrophyte than without(14.10μg/L)(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the Chl.a and TP in the areas without macrophyte,while no statistical correlations between them in the areas with macrophyte,and under the similar TP,the Chl.a was higher in the areas without macrophyte than that with macrophyte;(3)With the decline of P.crispus in summer,the Z_(SD)/Z_(M) was found significantly negatively correlated to the spring biomass of P.crispus(r=-0.47,P<0.01),while no such relationship was found in the Z_(SD),TN,TP or Chl.a;the TN(median:1.30 mg/L)was significantly higher in the areas without macrophyte than that with macrophyte(0.72 mg/L)(P<0.05);the Chl a in both areas increased with the TP increasing,and no significant difference in Chl a was found between conditions with the similar TP.All above showed that the biomass of P.crispus in Bao’an Lake had an upward trend in the recent two de-cades,and its distribution extended to larger ranges.In the rapid-growth season(spring),the booming population of P.crispus is beneficial for the improvement of water quality,while the followed decline of P.crispus during the early summer would reversely worsen the water quality,but the adverse effect did not last till the end of summer.This re-search could help to understand the health condition of the Bao’an Lake ecosystem,provide technical support for its scientific management and healthy development,and may also provide scientific basis for the management of other similar shallow lakes located to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
作者
刘孟梅
乔瑞婷
刘佳豪
余业鑫
张苗
李艳
王海军
LIU Meng-Mei;QIAO Rui-Ting;LIU Jia-Hao;YU Ye-Xin;ZHANG Miao;LI Yan;WANG Hai-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes,School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第11期1730-1740,共11页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900805)
中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目(Y201859)
中国科学院水生生物研究所“生态文明”特色研究所服务性项目“阻隔湖泊鱼类群落机构调整及生态系统功能优化研究”(Y85Z0511)
淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室课题(2019FBZ01)
武汉市科技计划项目(2020020602012152)
武汉市政建设集团有限公司科研项目(wszky202014)
云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202103AC100001和202001BB050078)资助~~。
关键词
浅水湖泊
沉水植物
植物衰亡
浮游藻类
环境效应
菹草
Shallow lakes
Submerged macrophytes
Decay of plants
Phytoplankton
Environmental effects
Potamogeton crispus L.
