摘要
传统果园生产中面临着人口老龄化带来的劳动力短缺、农机作业装备与生产资料管理困难、生产效率低下等问题,通过建设融合物联网、大数据、装备智能化等技术的智慧果园,可有望解决上述问题。为应对北京市农业现代化建设需求、引领中国农业发展方向,基于桃、梨果园全程机械化、智能化管理等目标,本研究在北京市重要的桃、梨等优势果品产区——平谷区峪口镇西营村构建了约30 hm^(2)梨与桃的智慧果园。果园中应用了10多种病、虫、水、肥、药的各类信息获取传感器,装备了28种机械化、智能化技术支持的农机装备,采用的关键技术包括智能信息获取系统、水肥一体管理系统以及病虫害智能管理系统,智能作业装备系统包括无人驾驶割草机、智能防冻机、开沟施肥机、自动驾驶履带智能仿形变量喷雾机、六旋翼枝向对靶无人机、多功能采摘平台以及整理修剪机等。同时,在果园中还构建了智能管理平台。经比较发现,智慧果园生产模式可减少人工成本50%以上,节省农药用量30%~40%、肥料用量25%~35%、灌溉用水量60%~70%,综合经济效益提升32.5%。智慧果园的推广实施将进一步推动中国果业生产水平的提高,促进中国智慧农业的发展。
Traditional orchard production is facing problems of labor shortage due to the aging,difficulties in the management of agricultural equipment and production materials,and low production efficiency which can be expected to be solved by building a smart orchard that integrates technologies of Internet of Things(IoT),big data,equipment intelligence,et al.In this study,based on the objectives of full mechanization and intelligent management,a smart orchard was built in Pinggu district,an important peaches and pears fruit producing area of Beijing.The orchard covers an aera of more than 30 hm2 in Xiying village,Yukou town.In the orchard,more than 10 kinds of information acquisition sensors for pests,diseases,water,fertilizers and medicines are applied,28 kinds of agricultural machineries with intelligent technical support are equipped.The key technologies used include:intelligent information acquisition system,integrated water and fertilizer management system and intelligent pest management system.The intelligent operation equipment system includes:unmanned lawn mower,intelligent anti-freeze machine,trenching and fertilizer machine,automatic driving crawler,intelligent profiling variable sprayer,six-rotor branch-to-target drone,multi-functional picking platform and finishing and pruning machine,etc.At the same time,an intelligent management platform has been built in the smart orchard.The comparison results showed that,smart orchard production can reduce labor costs by more than 50%,save pesticide dosage by 30%~40%,fertilizer dosage by 25%~35%,irrigation water consumption by 60%~70%,and comprehensive economic benefits increased by 32.5%.The popularization and application of smart orchards will further promote China's fruit production level and facilitate the development of smart agriculture in China.
作者
韩冷
何雄奎
王昌陵
刘亚佳
宋坚利
齐鹏
刘理民
李天
郑义
林桂海
周战
黄康
王忠
查海涅
张国山
周国涛
马勇
伏浩
聂宏远
曾爱军
张炜
HAN Leng;HE Xiongkui;WANG Changling;LIU Yajia;SONG Jianli;QI Peng;LIU Limin;LI Tian;ZHENG Yi;LIN Guihai;ZHOU Zhan;HUANG Kang;WANG Zhong;ZHA Hainie;ZHANG Guoshan;ZHOU Guotao;MAYong;FU Hao;NIE Hongyuan;ZENG Aijun;ZHANG Wei(College of Agricultural Unmanned System,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Center of Chemicals Application Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Yantai Research Institute,China Agricultural University,Yantai 264670,China;Huawei Technologies Ltd,Beijing 100010,China;Beijing Pinggu District Government Village Committee of Xiying Village,Beijing 101200,China;Anhui Yigang Information Technology Ltd,Anqing 246100,China;Zhejiang Liangshan Technology Ltd,Huzhou 313302,China;Henan Yunfei Technology Ltd,Zhengzhou 450003,China;China Topsoaring Technology Ltd,BeiJing 100085,China;Beijing Sanyi Zhinong Data Technology Ltd,Beijing 102199,China;DJ-Innovations Ltd,Shenzhen 518057,China;Anhui Zhongke Intelligent Sense Technology Ltd,Wuhu 241000,China)
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31761133019)
The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,DFG,German Research Foundation(3280174931/GRK2366)。
关键词
智慧果园
物联网
智能农业装备系统
无人驾驶机具
智能果园管理平台
信息获取系统
智能仿形喷雾机
smart orchard
Internet of Things
intelligent agricultural equipment system
driverless machine
smart orchard management platform
information acquisition system
intelligent profiling sprayer
