摘要
试验旨在探究采食限制对哺乳期牦牛犊牛生长性能、腹泻频率及主要内脏器官指数的影响。试验选取(60±3)日龄体重接近的牦牛犊牛(公)21头,随机分为3组,在饲喂同等代乳粉的基础上,按照自由采食(AL组)、自由采食量的70%(IR70组)和自由采食量的40%(IR40组)3个水平饲喂基础日粮。代乳粉适应期10 d,预试期20 d,正试期90 d。结果表明,采食限制对哺乳期牦牛犊牛的净增重、平均日增重和平均日干物质采食量有显著的影响(P<0.05);犊牛到5月龄时,腹泻频率AL组显著低于IR70组和IR40组(P<0.05);心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏和胸腺重量均随饲喂水平的限制而显著减小(P<0.05),AL组大肠重量占肠道总重比例最高,与IR70组和IR40组差异显著(P<0.05)。综上,哺乳期采食限制会影响到牦牛犊牛主要内脏器官和胃肠道的良好发育,并引起腹泻频率增加,显著降低了生长性能水平,不利于保障牦牛犊牛早期的生长发育健康,因此实施哺乳期营养补饲调控对正处于生长发育窗口期的牦牛犊牛早期培育非常重要。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed restriction on growth performance,diarrhea frequency and major visceral organ indices in suckling yak calves.In the experiment,21 yak calves(male)with similar body weight and(60±3)days of age were selected and randomly divided into three groups.On the basis of feeding the same milk replacer powder,the basal diets were fed with at three levels,ad libitum(AL group),70%of ad libitum feed intake(IR70 group)and 40%of ad libitum(IR40 group).The milk replacer adapting period was 10 days,the pre-trial period was 20 days,and the trial period was 90 days.The results showed that:feeding restriction during suckling had a significant ef⁃fect on the net weight gain,average daily weight gain and dry matter intake of yak calves(P<0.05).When the calves were five months old,the diar⁃rhea freguency in AL group was significantly low⁃er than that in IR70 group and IR40 group(P<0.05);the weights of heart,liver,kidney,lung and thymus were significantly decreased with feeding level reduction(P<0.05),and the proportion of large intestine weight to total intestinal weight in AL group was the highest,with significant difference from IR70 group and IR40 group(P<0.05).To sum up,feeding restriction during suckling period would affect the good development of the main internal organs and gastrointestinal tract of yak calves,increase the frequency of diarrhea,and significantly reduce the level of growth performance,which was not conducive to ensuring the early growth and development of yak calves.Therefore,it was very important to implement nutritional supplementary feeding regulation during suckling period for the early breeding yak calves that were in the growth and development window period.
作者
段嘉钰
刘书杰
周磊
周玉青
杨得玉
孙璐
崔占鸿
DUAN Jiayu;LIU Shujie;ZHOU Lei;ZHOU Yuqing;YANG Deyu;SUN Lu;CUI Zhanhong(Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Qinghai Provincial Yak Engineering Technology Research Center,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science for Highland Grazing Livestock,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Plateau Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park Management Committee,Qinghai Haiyan 810299,China)
出处
《饲料工业》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第21期47-53,共7页
Feed Industry
基金
青海省科技厅项目[2020-QY-220]。
关键词
哺乳期
牦牛犊牛
生长性能
腹泻频率
器官发育
suckling period
calf yak
growth performance
diarrhea frequency
organ development
