摘要
煤自燃是严重威胁煤矿安全生产的典型灾害类型之一,会导致瓦斯爆炸、资源损失、环境污染等问题,严重危害矿井人员生命和财产安全。随着矿井开采规模和强度的增加,大空间采空区越来越多,漏风通道复杂、遗煤分布范围广、氧化时间长、火源位置隐蔽性强,煤自燃精准防控难度很大。泡沫防灭火材料具有优异的堆积和渗流扩散特性,有助于解决高位火源治理、复杂裂隙封堵、大空间遗煤覆盖的难题,是大空间采空区煤自燃防治的主要研究方向。归纳了矿井防灭火泡沫降温、隔氧、阻化、堵漏等作用原理,总结了矿用防灭火泡沫流量大、扩散范围广、堆积性好等特点,指出了其在大空间采空区煤自燃防治的优势。针对常见的两相泡沫、阻化泡沫、三相泡沫、凝胶泡沫、有机固化泡沫、无机固化泡沫等矿井防灭火泡沫,分别介绍了其研发历程、制备方法和现场应用情况。基于此,提出当前泡沫防灭火技术急需解决的“大空间采空区煤岩介质中防灭火泡沫渗流与扩散特性、防灭火泡沫对大范围遗煤持久覆盖阻化特性、泡沫堵漏材料低放热膨胀及快速固化特性”3个关键科学问题,并提出“绿色环保的泡沫防灭火材料、防灭火泡沫智能化制备及灌注、自修复无机泡沫堵漏技术”3个未来技术攻关方向,为今后矿井泡沫防灭火理论及技术研究提供参考,有助于防范与遏制大空间采空区煤自燃灾害,保障煤炭行业安全生产。
Coal spontaneous combustion is one of the typical disasters that seriously threaten coal mine safety production,leading to fire and explosion,resources loss,environmental pollution and other problems,seriously endangering people′s lives and property safety.With the increase of the mining scale and intensity of the mine,there is more and more large scale goaf,the air leakage channel is complex,the residual coal is widely distributed,the oxidation time is long,and the location of the fire source is undetectable,making it difficult to achieve accurate prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion.Foam fire-fighting material has excellent accumulation,seepage and diffusion characteristics,which helps to solve the problems of high-level fire source cooling,complex fissure sealing and large space residual coal coverage,and is main research direction of coal spontaneous combustion prevention in large space goaf in the future.In this paper,the mechanisms of foam fire prevention materials,such as oxygen isolation,cooling,inhibition are summarized,the characteristics of mine fire-fighting foam,such as large flow,wide diffusion and good accumulation,are summarized,and its advantages in the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion in large-space goaf are pointed out.For common two-phase foam,inhibitation foam,three-phase foam,gel foam,organic solidified foam,inorganic solidified foam and other mine fire-fighting foams,the research and development process,preparation method and field application are respectively introduced.Based on this,the three key scientific issues that need to be solved urgently by the current foam fire-fighting technology of"seepage and diffusion characteristics of fire-fighting foam in complex fissures in large-space goaf","long-lasting coverage,inhibiting and cooling mechanism of foam for large-scale leftover coal","low-heat expansion and rapid solidification characteristics of foam plugging material"are condensed.The three future technical research directions of"green and environmental-friendly foam mine fire-fighting technology","intelligent foam preparation and injection technology","self-healing inorganic foam plugging technology"are put forward.It can provide a reference for the future theoretical and technical research on the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion in coal mines,preventing and curbing coal spontaneous combustion disasters,and ensuring the safe production of China′s coal industry.
作者
秦波涛
冯乐乐
蒋文婕
陈清华
李剑锋
QIN Bo-tao;FENG Le-le;JIANG Wen-jie;CHEN Qing-hua;LI Jian-feng(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Sun Yueqi Honors College,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Xuzhou Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221001,China)
出处
《煤炭科技》
2022年第5期1-12,26,共13页
Coal Science & Technology Magazine
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51825402)。
关键词
煤自燃
防灭火泡沫
阻化
裂隙封堵
渗流扩散
spontaneous combustion of coal
extinguishing foam
chemical resistance
fissure sealing
seepage and diffusion
